Neurogenic Potential of <i>Acacia oerfota</i>: Evaluating the Effects of DMT-Rich Extract on PC12 Cells

Abstract

Background: Acacia species, including Acacia oerfota, are rich in bioactive compounds such as N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), known for its psychoactive properties. Recent studies suggest that low concentrations of DMT may promote neurogenesis and brain plasticity, offering therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and depression. Methods: A hydroalcoholic extract of A. oerfota leaves was prepared. PC12 cells were cultured and treated with extract concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1.6 µg/mL. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay at 24 and 48 hours. The Sub-G1 assay evaluated apoptosis, while reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene expression was analyzed to assess neurogenic potential. Results: Significant cytotoxic effects were observed at 0.8 and 1.6 µg/mL concentrations, with effects being dose- and time-dependent. At 48 hours, 0.8 µg/mL showed significant cytotoxicity (P ≤ 0.05). The ROS levels increased at 0.4 and 0.8 µg/mL, with significance at 0.8 µg/mL. No apoptosis was detected in any treatment group. Notably, BDNF gene expression was significantly upregulated at 0.4 µg/mL compared to the control. Conclusions: Acacia oerfota extract may enhance neurogenesis in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Further research focusing on DMT’s role in promoting neurogenesis is warranted.