Factors Affecting Gut Microbiota and Its Relationship with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Narrative Review
| Author | Hossein Karballaei Mirzahosseini | en |
| Author | Mostafa Esmaeili | en |
| Author | Ali Mirakhorli | en |
| Orcid | Hossein Karballaei Mirzahosseini [0000-0002-2837-0391] | en |
| Issued Date | 2025-03-31 | en |
| Abstract | Context: The estimated population of microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract is thought to exceed 1014, with a total weight of approximately 2 kg. This accumulation of microbiota indicates that the number of bacterial cells is ten times greater than that of human cells, and the microbiota gene content exceeds the human genome by more than a hundredfold. These microorganisms are essential for maintaining human health, having evolved over millions of years. They influence vital processes in human life, such as digestion and regulation of the immune system. The gut microbiota (GM) can be viewed as a dynamic environmental factor, as its composition is shaped by host genetics, dietary patterns, hygiene practices, and lifestyle choices. This variability positions it as a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and myocardial infarction (MI). Evidence Acquisition: The present study is a review of the factors affecting the intestinal microbiota and its relationship with heart diseases. To ensure the identification of the most relevant studies, common databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, were searched using the terms "Gut dysbiosis", "Gut dysbiosis", "Cardiovascular disease", "Probiotics", and "prebiotics". The articles and abstracts obtained from the search were then reviewed. Results: Dysbiosis plays a significant role in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis and CVD. Microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are crucial in the regulation and development of blood pressure. Alterations in microbiota have been linked to dysfunctions in lipid metabolism, such as reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the plasma of patients with CVD. Dysbiosis in GM can affect the efficiency of energy extraction from dietary sources, thereby impacting the likelihood of developing obesity and atherosclerosis through the regulation of inflammation and lipid metabolism. Conclusions: The GM can be viewed as a dynamic environmental factor, as its composition is shaped by host genetics, dietary patterns, hygiene practices, and lifestyle choices. This variability positions it as a potential therapeutic target for CVD. | en |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.5812/jmb-159140 | en |
| Keyword | Gut Microbiota | en |
| Keyword | Cardiovascular Disease | en |
| Keyword | Gut Dysbiosis | en |
| Publisher | Brieflands | en |
| Title | Factors Affecting Gut Microbiota and Its Relationship with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Narrative Review | en |
| Type | Review Article | en |