Comparison of Portable and Benchtop Near-Infrared Spectrometers for the Detection of Citric Acid-adulterated Lime Juice: A Chemometrics Approach
| Author | Reza Jahani | en |
| Author | Saskia van Ruth | en |
| Author | Yannick Weesepoel | en |
| Author | Martin Alewijn | en |
| Author | Farzad Kobarfard | en |
| Author | Mehrdad Faizi | en |
| Author | Mohammad Hossain Shojaee AliAbadi | en |
| Author | Arash Mahboubi | en |
| Author | Azadeh Nasiri | en |
| Author | Hassan Yazdanpanah | en |
| Orcid | Farzad Kobarfard [0000-0001-6679-3275] | en |
| Orcid | Mehrdad Faizi [0000-0002-6896-838X] | en |
| Orcid | Arash Mahboubi [0000-0002-5140-8159] | en |
| Issued Date | 2022-12-31 | en |
| Abstract | Background: Since the incidence of food adulteration is rising, finding a rapid, accurate, precise, low-cost, user-friendly, high-throughput, ruggedized, and ideally portable method is valuable to combat food fraud. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), in combination with a chemometrics-based approach, allows potentially rapid, frequent, and in situ measurements in supply chains. Methods: This study focused on the feasibility of a benchtop Fourier-transformation-NIRS apparatus (FT-NIRS, 1000 - 2500 nm) and a portable short wave NIRS device (SW-NIRS, 740 - 1070 nm) for the discrimination of genuine and citric acid-adulterated lime juice samples in a cost-effective manner following chemometrics study. Results: Principal component analysis (PCA) of the spectral data resulted in a noticeable distinction between genuine and adulterated samples. Wavelengths between 1100 - 1400 nm and 1550 - 1900 nm were found to be more important for the discrimination of samples for the benchtop FT-NIRS data, while variables between 950 - 1050 nm contributed significantly to the discrimination of samples based on the portable SW-NIRS data. Following partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) as a discriminant model, standard normal variate (SNV) or multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) transformation of benchtop FT-NIRS data and SNV in combination with the second derivative transformation of portable SW-NIRS data on the training set delivered equal accuracy (94%) in the prediction of the test set. In the soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) as a class-modeling approach, the overall performances of generated models on the auto-scaled data were 98% and 94.5% for benchtop FT-NIRS and portable SW-NIRS, respectively. Conclusions: As a proof of concept, NIRS technology coupled with appropriate multivariate classification models enables fast detection of citric acid-adulterated lime juices. In addition, the promising results of portable SW-NIRS combined with SIMCA indicated its use as a screening tool for on-site analysis of lime juices at various stages of the food supply chain. | en |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-128372 | en |
| Keyword | Adulteration | en |
| Keyword | Chemometrics | en |
| Keyword | Citric Acid | en |
| Keyword | Benchtop FT-NIR, Lime Juice | en |
| Keyword | Portable SW-NIR | en |
| Publisher | Brieflands | en |
| Title | Comparison of Portable and Benchtop Near-Infrared Spectrometers for the Detection of Citric Acid-adulterated Lime Juice: A Chemometrics Approach | en |
| Type | Research Article | en |