Strategies for Management of Conflict of Interests in the Pharmaceutical Sector: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Context: Conflict of interest has always been one of the challenges facing healthcare systems. The pharmaceutical sector is one of the main components of healthcare systems affected by conflicts of interest. Objectives: This systematic review investigated strategies to manage conflicts of interest in the pharmaceutical sector. Methods: In this systematic review, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched using the keywords "conflict of interest" and "pharmaceutical sector" without a time limitation until 2024. The quality of studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklists. Results: A total of 6,217 records were retrieved from the databases, out of which 46 were included in the review. The main strategies for managing conflicts of interest include industry relationship management, empowerment, and transparency and disclosure. These strategies are carried out and supported by two mechanisms: Legislation and self-regulation. Conclusions: Conflicts of interest in the pharmaceutical sector can be addressed through the management of communications, empowerment, education, and, most importantly, transparency in financial and non-financial relationships. These efforts can be supported by government regulations or industry-based self-regulation. Such actions must be implemented and coordinated within the health system.