Factors Affecting Social Capital Among Elderly Individuals Visiting Imam Ali Hospital in Kermanshah: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Many older adults experience challenges in connecting with new people and expanding their social relationships. In this population, social isolation and limited emotional and social support are associated with mental disorders, particularly depression, suicide, alcoholism, addiction, reduced health status, the onset or worsening of chronic diseases, reduced quality of life and life satisfaction, increased disability, and eventual hospitalization or admission to long-term care facilities. Objectives: Given the importance of improving the health and quality of life of older adults, this study aimed to examine factors affecting social capital among elderly individuals visiting a hospital. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 100 older adults who visited Imam Ali Hospital in Kermanshah and were selected through convenience sampling. Data collection instruments included a demographic profile form for older adults and the Onyx Social Capital Scale questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS software, version 16. Results: The results showed that the mean social capital score among participants was 81.77 (standard deviation: 12.51). Men had higher scores than women in some dimensions of social capital, such as social participation and value of life. A significant relationship was also observed between age and social capital. Older adults with greater social involvement reported higher self-esteem and better mental health. Conclusions: These findings indicate that social capital plays an important role in reducing depression and improving the quality of life of older adults. Social participation may be a key factor in mental health and in promoting social functioning among older adults. Therefore, greater attention to factors affecting social capital in older adults may improve their health and quality of life.