Correlation Between Bladder Sonographic Parameters and Uroflowmetry Patterns in Children with Urinary Dysfunction: A Case-Control Study

AuthorReza Nafisi Moghaddamen
AuthorMohammad Reza Dashtien
AuthorAhmad Shajarien
Issued Date2026-02-28en
AbstractBackground: Ultrasound and uroflowmetry are widely used, noninvasive tests for pediatric lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD), yet the extent to which structural sonographic parameters mirror uroflowmetry patterns in individual children remains uncertain. Objectives: The objective of this study is to compare bladder sonographic measures and uroflowmetry findings between symptomatic children and asymptomatic controls, and to examine whether specific uroflowmetry flow patterns correlate with bladder volume and wall thickness after adjustment for age and sex. Methods: In this retrospective, two center case-control study (Shohadaye Kargar and Shahid Sadoughi hospitals, Yazd, Iran; January 2022 - December 2023), 240 children aged 5 - 14 years were enrolled with individual 1:1 matching on age (± 6 months) and sex (120 cases; 120 controls). Cases had LUTD symptoms; controls were asymptomatic by standardized questionnaire. All children underwent transabdominal bladder ultrasound [volume, posterior wall thickness, postvoid residual (PVR)] and uroflowmetry (flow pattern, Qmax, Qavg, voided volume, flow time, TQmax). Analyses used t/Mann-Whitney and χ2/Fisher’s tests as appropriate and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to adjust for age and sex. Sample size was calculated a priori (G*Power v3.1) to detect a 1.0 mm difference in bladder wall thickness (α = 0.05, power = 0.80). Results: Bladder wall thickness was greater in cases than controls (3.65 ± 1.02 vs. 2.48 ± 0.27 mm; P < 0.001), and PVR was markedly higher (41.19 ± 19.25 vs. 9.80 ± 4.77 mL; P < 0.001). Bell shaped curves predominated in controls (87.5%) but were uncommon in cases (14.2%; P < 0.001). Cases had lower Qmax and Qavg (8.88 ± 3.34 vs. 13.82 ± 3.45 mL/s and 5.76 ± 2.23 vs. 8.82 ± 2.38 mL/s; both P < 0.001). After adjustment for age and sex, uroflowmetry flow patterns were not significantly associated with bladder volume or wall thickness in either group (all P > 0.05). Conclusions: Children with LUTD demonstrate increased bladder wall thickness, higher PVR, and abnormal uroflowmetry profiles compared with asymptomatic peers; however, specific flow patterns do not map reliably onto structural ultrasound measures at the individual level. These findings support a multimodal diagnostic approach in which ultrasound and uroflowmetry are interpreted together rather than in isolation.en
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5812/ijpediatr-163860en
URIhttps://brieflands.com/journals/ijp/articles/163860en
KeywordUltrasonographyen
KeywordPediatricsen
KeywordLower Urinary Tract Symptomsen
KeywordUroflowmetryen
KeywordUrinary Incontinenceen
KeywordBladder Wall Thickeningen
KeywordUrinary Bladder Diseasesen
KeywordDysfunctional Voidingen
PublisherBrieflandsen
TitleCorrelation Between Bladder Sonographic Parameters and Uroflowmetry Patterns in Children with Urinary Dysfunction: A Case-Control Studyen
TypeResearch Articleen

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