Spatial Analysis of Arbaeen Walking Path and Its Security

Abstract

Background: Arbaeen is not merely a walk; it embodies the promotion of resistance, health, politics, unity, and solidarity, showcasing its multi-dimensional significance. Despite recent pilgrimage restrictions, the annual influx of pilgrims has continued to increase, challenging resource allocation and management, especially in high-density areas like Bayn Al-Haramayn. Managing such complexities requires innovative approaches to enhance geographic space utilization and ensure security. Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility of using photo maps along the Arbaeen walking route for future geographic space development. To investigate security challenges in maximum population density areas by generating a field of vision map for Bayn Al-Haramayn from an assumed observation tower. Methods: This study employed geographic information system (GIS) conceptual models and Google Earth spatial imagery for mapping and analysis. A photo map of the Najaf-Karbala walking route was created, and spatial analysis was performed to identify development opportunities and generate a field of vision map to assess visibility in Bayn Al-Haramayn. Results: Two significant water areas were identified southwest of Najaf and west of Karbala, presenting promising opportunities for geographic space development in these strategic Shiite cities. Spatial analysis revealed that the western portion of the walking route includes barren lands with potential for constructing essential pilgrim infrastructure. A field of vision map for Bayn Al-Haramayn was generated, with green zones indicating visible ranges, facilitating improved security management. Conclusions: The study highlights the potential for enhancing pilgrimage experiences by utilizing geographic insights for infrastructure planning and security. Strategic development of barren lands and better utilization of water resources can address space limitations, while vision mapping can improve safety in densely populated areas. These findings underscore the importance of innovative spatial planning in managing the increasing influx of Arbaeen pilgrims.