Journal of Cellular & Molecular Anesthesia

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In Collaboration with Anesthesiology Research Center, SBMU

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Journal of Cellular and Molecular Anesthesia (JCMA) is a scientific quarterly and peer-reviewed journal, with particular attention to translational anesthesiology and perioperative medicine. Disease-oriented basic research in cellular and molecular aspects of anesthesiology, including laboratory investigations, bench-to-bedside studies, or clinical research that yield new findings in molecular and cellular anesthesia and improve our diagnosis and therapeutics in clinical anesthesia are among the main targets in JCMA. Researches about Personalized Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine are other among the main areas of interest in the JCMA.

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The Founder Effect? -FXIII Deficiency in Southeast Iran: A Molecular Study Report
(Brieflands, 2020-12-31) Hojat Shahraki; Akbar Dorgalaleh; Majid Fathi; Shadi Tabibian; Shahram Teimourian; Hasan Mollanoori; farhad zaker
Background: Congenital factor XIII (FXIII) deficiency is an extremely rare bleeding disorder (RBD) with different clinical coagulation disorders and great impacts on the perioperative patient outcome. Its prevalence in Southeast Iran is approximately 4,000 times higher than the worldwide prevalence, with Trp187Arg (c.559T> C as the only causative mutation of FXIIID there. We investigated the founder effect of rs1742924, rs4960181, rs3778360 and rs4142290 using haplotype analysis to define the genetic phenomenon in this geographic region. Materials and Methods: In a case-control study, 10 patients with FXIIID and 10 healthy individuals were assessed. Initially, Trp187Arg (c.559T> C) mutation was assessed in all study populations using a PCR-RFLP technique, then haplotype analysis was performed by assessing rs1742924, rs4960181, rs3778360 and rs4142290 polymorphisms. Data were analyzed using a two-proportion z-test. Results: All patients were homozygote for Trp187Arg (c.559T>C), and this mutation was not observed in any form of homozygote or heterozygote in the control group. Polymorphisms in rs1742924, rs4960181, and rs377836 were homozygote (TT, GG, GG, respectively) and T, G, and G alleles distribution in cases and controls with significant difference (P
A Comparative Study of Efficacy of Clonidine and Fentanyl as Adjuvant to Intrathecal 2- Chloroprocaine in Lower Limb Surgeries: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial: A Comparative Study Of Efficacy Of Clonidine And Fentanyl As Adjuvant To Intrathecal 2- Chloroprocaine In Lower Limb Surgeries
(Brieflands, 2022-03-31) Vaishno devi Vaish; Mushtaq Wani; Heena Gupta; Anju Jamwal
BACKGROUND: Preservative free 1% 2-chlorprocaine is a short acting local anesthetic agent that has a favourable profile for day care surgical procedures. Various adjuvants can be added to local anesthetics to potentiate their action. In this study, we compared the effect of intrathecal clonidine and fentanyl as an adjuvant to 1% 2-chloroprocaine (2-CP) in patients undergoing elective lower limb surgeries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade 1 and 2 (18-60 years) scheduled for lower limb surgeries with duration of ?60 minutes under spinal anesthesia were randomly divided into 2 groups (n= 35). Group CF received 1% 2-chloroprocaine 40 mg and fentanyl 20?g (4.5 ml). Group CC received 1% 2-chloroprocaine 40 mg and clonidine 15?g (4.5 ml). The onset and duration of sensory and motor blocks, time for demand of rescue analgesia, hemodynamics, and side effect, if any, were observed. RESULTS: The onset and duration of sensory and motor blocks was significantly earlier in CC group. Time to demand of rescue analgesia was significantly prolonged in Group CC than CF.? Other side effects were comparable in two groups CONCLUSION:?Intrathecal clonidine (15 ?g) is a better alternative to fentanyl (20 ?g) used as an adjuvant to 1% 2-chloroprocaine for lower limb surgeries surgeries.
Predictive Molecular Blood Biomarkers in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
(Brieflands, 2022-03-31) Mohammad Hoseine Talischi; Abdolreza Mohamadnia; Minoo Mahmoodi; Naghmeh Bahrami; Abdollah Farhadinasab
Background: Lung cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of cells in the lung tissue. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the expression of MUC1 mRNA and CK19 mRNA biomarkers in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).Materials and Methods: In this case-control research, thirty samples of cancer blood, thirty samples of cancer tissue, and the same number of healthy samples were prepared. Samples were collected and RNA was extracted, then cDNA was made and gene expression was measured using Real-Time PCR.Results: Among non-small-cell lung carcinoma patients, the MUC1 mRNA marker was positive for 19 individuals while in the healthy group, it was reported positive in 5 out of 30 individuals. In the patients' group, the CK19 mRNA marker was positive for 16 individuals while in the healthy group, in 6 out of 30 individuals.Conclusion: The MUC1 mRNA and CK19 mRNA as lung cancer tumor markers were reliable and sensitive; however, further studies are recommended
Evaluation of the Neuroprotective Effect of Thiopental and Its Effect on Serum NSE Level in Neurocritical Care Patients
(Brieflands, 2023-06-30) Sara Salarian; Mohammad Sistanizad; SeyedBashir Mirtajani; Mir Mohammad Miri; Mehran Kouchek
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of thiopental and its effect on serum NSE levels in neurocritical care patients. Materials and Methods: Patients were divided into two groups (intervention and control). Thiopental administration as the intervention was started at a dose of 3-6 mg/Kg every 30 minutes and continued until 0.3-3 mg/Kg/hour. Sedation with fentanyl and midazolam as control was also performed in 35 patients. After three days, thiopental was discontinued. On the fifth day, the desired indicators were compared between the two groups. Results: On the third and fifth days, patients in the intervention group had a greater drop in serum NSE levels (P
Efficacy of High Dose Vitamin C, Melatonin and Zinc in Iranian Patients with Acute Respiratory Syndrome due to Coronavirus Infection: A Pilot Randomized Trial
(Brieflands, 2021-06-30) Mahboobeh Darban; Farhad Malek; Mohammad Memarian; Ali Gohari; Arda Kiani; Alireza Emadi; Samaneh Lavvaf; Bahador Bagheri
INTRODUCTION: Our aim was to investigate the efficacy of vitamin C, melatonin, and zinc in patients with severe Covid-19. METHODS:? Twenty-one adult patients were randomized 1:1 to standard care alone or standard care plus IV vitamin C (2 g, q6hr), oral melatonin (6 mg, q6hr), and oral zinc sulfate (50 mg, q6hr) for 10 days. Patients were monitored for changes in hypoxemia and inflammatory markers. RESULTS: Both treatment modalities were effective to improve PaO2/FiO2 and oxygen saturation. However, there were no significant differences between 2 groups (P > 0.05). There were reductions in CRP, ESR, and LDH levels in both study groups, although not significant. No significant difference was noted in length of ICU stay between 2 groups (P = 0.3). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that addition of vitamin C, melatonin, and zinc to standard care is not associated with considerable improvement in patients with severe Covid-19.?
Laboratory Diagnosis of Congenital Factor V Deficiency, Routine, Specific Coagulation Tests with Molecular Methods
(Brieflands, 2016-06-30) Shadi Tabibian; Ahmad Kazemi; Akbar Dorgalaleh
Erratum:?The correct affiliation of corresponding author of this manuscript has been edited as follows:"Akbar Dorgalaleh: Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."Factor V (FV) deficiency is a rare bleeding disorder (RBD) that inherit in autosomal recessive manner. Diagnosis of FV deficiency (FVD) is made by routine coagulation tests, FV activity and molecular analysis. In patients with FVD, routine coagulation tests including activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and evenbleeding time (BT) are prolongedwhile thrombin time (TT) is normal. FV activity assay can use for confirmation of diagnosis as well as for differential diagnosis with acquired forms of disease. Mixing study can be used for screening of inhibitor against FV. In this situation, addition of normal plasma cannot correct prolonged PT and PTT while in congenital FVD prolongation is corrected. Molecular diagnosis of FVD is straightforward but due to large size of FV gene and genetic variability molecular diagnosis is restricted to research laboratory.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Comfort Scale with State Behavioral Scale in Critically Ill Pediatrics Patients Under Mechanical Ventilation for Developing Sedation Protocol and Reducing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
(Brieflands, 2024-06-30) Seyede Narjes Ahmadizadeh; Seyyed Alireza Mahdavi; Ghamartaj Khanbabaee; Hossein Saeedi; Seyyed Sajjad Razavi; Nazanin Hashemi Sabour
Background: Proper sedation in ill children can enhance treatment outcomes, provide comfort, control pain, reduce delirium, and prevent self-extubation. This study aimed to compare the “Comfort Scale” with the “State Behavioral Scale” (SBS) in children under mechanical ventilation in the ICU to develop a sedation protocol. Methods: This study assessed 50 children, ranging from one month to 15 years of age, who were hospitalized in the ICU of Mofid Hospital for over four months. The convenience sampling method was used to select participants, who were then divided into two groups of 25 each (one for the Comfort Scale and one for the SBS). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20, with a P-value of less than 0.05, which is considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the patients was 30.3 months (ranging from 1 to 150 months), with 19 female patients (38%) and 31 male patients (62%). The time taken for scoring by hospital staff was significantly shorter in the SBS group than in the Comfort Scale group (P < 0.0001). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of hospitalization duration and the amounts of benzodiazepines and opiates used (P > 0.05). Both tools were associated with a decrease in the length of hospitalization. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the SBS requires less time to administer than the Comfort Scale and can be considered a rapid method. Utilizing both the SBS and Comfort Scale can reduce the length of hospital stays and, consequently, the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Modulation of microRNA-133B in Post Mastectomy Pain Syndrome Following Yoga Intervention
(Brieflands, 2024-06-30) Ashok K Saxena; Prakash Gondode; Geetanjali T Chilkoti; Tusha Sharma; Basu D Banerjee
Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of yoga combined with an integrated multimodal approach on the incidence and severity of post-mastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS) and the role of miR-133B expressions in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery. Methods: With approval from the institutional ethics committee and informed consent obtained from each participant, forty patients of ASA grade I - II, aged 20 - 65 years, undergoing breast cancer surgery were included. Patients received a thoracic paravertebral block for up to 72 hours and pregabalin until the end of the fourth postoperative week. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: “Control” and “yoga.” Patients in the Yoga group practiced the yogic exercise “Anulom-vilom" from the third day until the 90th day postoperatively. The delta-CT of miRNA-133B expression of genes on the 90th postoperative day was compared to the baseline, along with various pain intensity and quality of life parameters. Results: In the Yoga group, a significant up-regulation in miR-133B expression was observed on days 30 and 90 postoperatively. Patients with PMPS in the Yoga group showed a decreased ΔCT of miR-133B, indicating an up-regulation of gene expression, compared to the control group. A lower incidence of PMPS (10% vs. 30%) was observed in the experimental group, along with a significant enhancement of quality of life in post-mastectomy patients and decreased mean Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores, Pain Detect Questionnaire (PDQ) ، and Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI) scores in the Yoga group; however, these were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The study demonstrated the feasibility of integrating yoga with a multimodal pain management approach and highlighted the role of miR-133B in the pathogenesis of PMPS.
Comparative Analysis of Epidural Dexamethasone and Epidural Morphine (EM) for Postoperative Pain Control After Total Abdominal Hysterectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
(Brieflands, 2024-09-30) Divyalakshmi T; Shanu Shanmugasundaram; Priyanka C; Brindha Sk; Arbind Kumar Choudhary; Panneerselvam Periaswamy
Background: Epidural anesthesia is commonly utilized for pain management following lower abdominal surgeries; however, the search for an optimal analgesic additive continues. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of epidural dexamethasone versus epidural morphine (EM) in managing postoperative pain after total abdominal hysterectomy. Methods: This randomized controlled trial enrolled patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy (TBAH) and assigned them to two groups: Group D (Dexamethasone), which received epidural dexamethasone (8 mg) with bupivacaine, and Group M (Morphine), which received epidural morphine (10 mg) with bupivacaine. Marcaine (bupivacaine) 0.25% was used in both groups. Baseline characteristics, surgical outcomes, physiological parameters, pain management, adverse effects, and blood sugar levels were analyzed and compared between the groups. Results: The groups exhibited similar initial characteristics and surgical outcomes. Vital signs, including heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation, remained consistent before and after surgery. The Dexamethasone group (Group D) demonstrated superior pain control compared to the Morphine group (Group M). Patients in Group D required pain medication for a significantly shorter duration (24 hours vs. 36 hours, P < 0.05), representing a 50% reduction in medication duration. Additionally, Group D patients required fewer rescue analgesics (1.2 doses vs. 2.1 doses, P < 0.05), indicating a 43% decrease in the need for additional medication. The time to a visual analog scale (VAS) score exceeding 4 was significantly longer in Group D, indicating less intense pain for an extended period. Although no significant differences were observed in common postoperative side effects, Group D exhibited a lower incidence of these effects, albeit not statistically significant. Furthermore, Group D showed a significantly lower incidence of hyperglycemia at the 8th hour post-surgery compared to Group M (P < 0.05), suggesting a potential benefit of epidural dexamethasone in mitigating hyperglycemia risk. Conclusions: Epidural dexamethasone appears to offer superior analgesic efficacy compared to epidural morphine in postoperative pain management after total abdominal hysterectomy. The findings suggest that Group D (Dexamethasone) experienced improved pain management, reduced medication requirements, and a lower incidence of hyperglycemia. Further research with larger cohorts and extended follow-up is warranted to validate these findings and guide clinical practice.
Acute post-operative pain and gut microbiota; is there any (clinical) relationship?
(Brieflands, 2017-12-31) Elham Alipoor; mahdi shadnoush; Ali Dabbagh
Gut microbiota are the primary focus for a number of active research fields; one of their main areas of effect seem to be their effects on acute pain. Though it is generally realized that development of gut microbiota is after birth, the initial microbial core originates from maternal microbiota in fetus life, rapidly colonizing to adulthood microflora in 3-5 years. Understanding the crosstalk between microbiota, changes in gut flora and post-operative pain, and recognizing the underlying mechanisms are novel fields of study.
COVID-19 in Myasthenia Gravis: The Double Whammy
(Brieflands, 2022-03-31) Mohd Suhail Ashar; Kapil Soni; Abhishek Singh; Yudhyavir Singh; Richa Aggarwal; Anjan Trikha
COVID-19 co-infection in patients with myasthenia gravis has not been well described.? Our primary aim is to describe the course of illness of a myasthenia patient who developed repeated episodes of myasthenic crisis along with severe COVID-19 infection.? This case highlights the need to accurately monitor the immune response to the infection and treatment of myasthenia gravis with COVID-19 should be tailored to the individual patient.
The Effect of Perioperative Dimethyl Sulfoxide Efficacy on Regional and Local Flaps Viability
(Brieflands, 2021-03-31) Soraya Shahrokh; Masoud Yavari; Seyed Mehdi Moosavizadeh; Heydar Afshar; Galavij Ghoseiri; Nilofar Massoudi; Amir Bisadi; Heydar Darabi
Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects and results of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) usage on viability and perfusion of local and regional flaps in rabbits, via this study we are going to conclude whether DMSO could be effective after flap operations in human or not. Materials and Methods: Local and regional DMSO spray was used on rabbit?s dorsum flaps immediately after the operation and once per day up to 7 days post-op in 14 rabbits, divided equally to control group (saline solution spray) or experiment group (DMSO spray). The results were compared 3 and 7 days after operations. Results: There were improved results attributed to the DMSO effects regarding flap survival Conclusion: We concluded that topical application of DMSO reduces skin flap ischemia in rabbits and we highly advise the use of it after operations in which skin flaps are created.
Effects of Anesthetic Management on Inflammatory Markers in Patients After Major Abdominal Surgeries: A Double-Blind Controlled Study
(Brieflands, 2022-09-30) Esam Hamed; Nagla El-Melegy; Samir Ammar; rasha hamed
Background: Surgical trauma induces systemic inflammatory responses. We aimed to evaluate the influence of different analgesic models on postoperative pain and inflammatory markers modulation after major abdominal surgeries. Materials and Methods: A total of 105 patients scheduled for elective abdominal colorectal surgeries were selected and randomly assigned to one of the three groups: Group-1 (GM) four micrograms/kg of IT morphine; Group-2 (GML) four microgram/kg of IT morphine plus 1.5 mg/kg intravenous Lidocaine loading dose and 2 mg/min saline infusion during the operation and the next 4 hours postoperative; Group-3 (G0, control group) no added drugs. Results: Pain scored statistically significant lower figures in GML than the other two groups; p
Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions as Prognostic Factors in Patients with the SARS-CoV-2 Virus
(Brieflands, 2022-12-31) meh gou; Mehrdad Haghighi; Hossein Hatami; Ehsan Asadi; Seyed Shayan Ebadi; hussein soleimantabar; Atefe Shadkam; Seyed Alireza Ebadi
Background: COVID-19 neurologic symptoms such as anosmia and ageusia are considered the most challenging issues for patients in the first steps of viral infection. Herein, we aimed to investigate the olfactory and gustatory dysfunction and their association with prognostic factors in patients with COVID-19.Materials and Methods: The current retrospective study was performed on patients admitted to a hospital with a definite diagnosis of COVID-19 between March and November 2020. Based on the study criteria, information of 150 eligible participants (89 males and 61 females) was completely collected. The olfactory and gustatory symptoms including anosmia, hyposmia, ageusia, and dysgeusia were assessed, and five main COVID-19 prognostic factors including level of D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), lymphocyte count (LC), lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) and COVID-19 related lung involvement were measured.Results: Among all patients, 102 (68%) participants were completely treated and 48 (32%) died. Compared to treated patients, all prognostic factors including CRP, LDH, LC, D-dimer, and lung involvement were significantly higher in death cases. We found that 97 (64.7%) patients experienced at least one olfactory or gustatory dysfunction. The level of CRP, LC, D-dimer, and lung involvement showed a better prognosis among patients with at least one sensory dysfunction. Moreover, a better outcome was observed in patients with sensory dysfunction.Conclusion: It can be concluded the evaluation of CRP, LDH, D-dimer, and LC together with the HRCT scan score contributes to a better prognosis in COVID-19 patients with sensory dysfunction.
Myotonic Dystrophy and Volvulus: Anesthetic Considerations For an Urgent Situation And the Role of Sugammadex; A Case Report
(Brieflands, 2022-09-30) Masoud Nashibi; Kamran Mottaghi; Arash Tafrishinejad; Sogol Asgari
Myotonic dystrophy (MD), although not a common disorder, is a challenge for anesthesiologists as it restricts choices of medication and involves some organs other than muscles. Here we report a known case of MD underwent laparatomy for bowel obstruction. Anesthesia was induced rapidly and muscle relaxation achieved by using high dose of rocuronium. Reversal of muscle relaxation was done with sugammadex successfully with no residual relaxation. Rocuronium could be used as a safe mean of rapid muscle relaxation in MD and reversal could be achieved with sugammadex.
The Preconditioning Effect of Sevoflurane on Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Patients
(Brieflands, 2018-06-30) Abdorasoul Anvaripour; Houshang Shahryari; Sayed Mehran Marashian; Alireza Jahangirifard
Background: One of the most important issues in the field of surgery is ischemic preconditioning (IPC) of the myocardium during the coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The current study attempted to reevaluate the issue to find a potential approach to diminish morbidity, inotrope administration, ischemia and possibly intensive care unit stay after CABG in adult patients.Materials and Methods: Through randomized single-blind clinical trial, all elective coronary bypass surgeries in 40 to 80 years-old patients enrolled the study. Atrioventricular (AV) block (mobitz2); complete heart block; left bundle branch block (LBBB); acute heart failure (ejection fraction (EF)
The Role of Ketamine in Calcium Changes in Intracellular Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction
(Brieflands, 2024-06-30) Legiran Legiran; Irfannuddin Irfannuddin; Ramli Ahmad; Nurhadi Ibrahim; Rizal Zainal
Ketamine was formerly introduced as an anesthesia drug and known as a non-competitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). As knowledge grows, recent studies reveal the antidepressant effect of the drug. Moreover, a few investigations indicate that ketamine might be responsible for multiple calcium-regulated signaling pathways. Ketamine is thought to affect calcium homeostasis through several of its targets, such as N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate acid receptors (AMPA), and voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs).
Effect of Intravenous Infusion of Lidocaine on Pain Reduction after Cesarean Section under General Anesthesia
(Brieflands, 2018-03-31) Anahita Hirmanpour; Reihanak Talakoub; Hamed Mansouri
Background: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Lidocaine on pain reduction during and ileus and the need for opioids after caesarean section.Methods: For this randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial, 40 ASA I, II pregnant women who were candidates for caesarean section with general anesthesia, were randomly allocated into two groups of Lidocaine receivers and placebo using randomized block design; the Lidocaine group received 1.5 mg/kg of Lidocaine right before the surgery and then its infusion with a dose of 2 mg/kg.h until the end of the surgery and the placebo group received normal saline with the same volume and application. Patients? pain intensity was measured using numerical rating scale (NRS), 0 (entering the recovery), 0.5, 1, 4, 12 and 24 hours after the surgery.Results: Lidocaine decreased the systolic and diastolic pressures of the patients only during the first minute after intubation, decreased the mean of arterial blood pressure at the 10th minute after intubation and 40th minute after surgery, and also decreased the mean of patients? pain intensity, Diclofenac and Pethidine consumption, side effects (nausea and vomiting) and reduced the time interval before the first time of tolerating oral liquids; but it had effect on infants? Apgar score 1 and 5 minutes after delivery.Conclusions: Lidocaine was definitely effective on reducing the intensity of pain, opioid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs consumption and ileus after surgery with the least occurrence of side effects for mothers and infants.
The effect of aqueous extract of Malva neglecta on expression of inflammatory biomarkers involved in pain in synoviocytes and THP-1 cells as a model of monocyte/macrophage and human cartilage cells in osteoarthritis
(Brieflands, 2017-12-31) Reza Taherian; Mahdi Taherian; Hossein Maghsoudi; Samaneh Haj-alahyari
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is now considered as an active complex of biomechanical, biochemical and cellular processes, not a mere degenerative disorder. Considering the complications of common treatments of OA, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids, establishment of new treatments is crucial. This study aimed to explore the effect of Malva Neglecta extract on the main inflammatory biomarkers in OA.Materials and Methods: Aqueous extract of Malva Neglecta, ibuprofen and betamethasone were prepared to investigate their effects on inflammatory biomarkers. Synoviocytes were obtained from the healthy radiocarpal joint cartilage of an 8-month-old Holstein cow. Human monocyte/macrophage (THP-1) cells were also obtained to investigate the effect of Malva neglecta extract on inflammatory agents. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce production of inflammatory cytokines in both cells. Real-time PCR was used to investigate the effect of Malva Neglecta extract on expression profile of TNF-?, IL-1?, COX-2, IL-18 and iNOS. Production of NO and PGE2 was also investigated in THP-1 cells.Results: Malva Neglecta extract reduced TNF-?, IL-1?, iNOS, IL-18 and COX-2 expression in synoviocytes. Expression of all of these factors was also reduced by the extract in THP-1 cells. Moreover, production of PGE2 and NO in the LPS-induced THP-1 cells was reduced by Malva neglecta extract. Ibuprofen and betamethasone were more effective in reducing inflammatory agents than the extract.Conclusion: According to Malva?s ability to reduce the pro-inflammatory cytokines in the synoviocytes and THP-1 cells, its potential role as a supplement method to common NSAIDs and corticosteroids was confirmed.
MDMA-Induced BV2 Microglial Cell Activation in Vitro
(Brieflands, 2022-09-30) Nor Suliana Mustafa; Nor Hidayah Abu Bakar; Ramli Musa; Nasir Mohamad; Nor Zidah Ahmad; Mohd Nazri Mohd Daud
Introduction: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a type of psychostimulant drug that induces neurotoxicity. Even though several psychostimulant substances activate microglia, little is known about MDMA's effects on these cells, and evidence of MDMA-induced microglial activation is equivocal. Material and Methods: This study employed a murine microglial cell line, BV2, to examine the effects of MDMA on the microglia morphological changes and the survival of microglia in vitro. MDMA was incorporated into the media at the time of plating and cell number and levels of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity (MTT) were determined in vitro. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-? was also determined. Result: Treatment of BV2 cells with MDMA resulted in morphological changes, reduced cell viability after 24h incubation with the inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 243.6 ?g/mL, and increase TNF-? level in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: These findings proposed that MDMA could induce BV2 microglial cell activation in vitro and suggested that it has an important role in the development of MDMA use disorder.

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