Jundishapur Journal of Physiology

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    Role of MicroRNAs in the Regulation of Sleep/wakefulness and Their Expression Changes in the Brain Following Sleep Deprivation
    (Brieflands, 2024-02-29) Akram Ahangarpour; Rafie Belali
    Background and Objectives: The circadian rhythm has 24-hour oscillators and is introduced as an internal sleep/wakefulness cycle regulator. This system is regulated by transcription-translation feedback loops. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) include non-coding RNAs, which are essential in the post-translational modification of mRNA transcripts. MiRNAs play a significant role in circadian rhythm regulation, and it has been demonstrated that sleep loss can alter brain miRNA levels. Nowadays, sleep deprivation has turned into a daunting challenge in modern societies, considering that sleep disorder is the source of many diseases, and numerous studies have examined the association between sleep disorder and miRNA dysfunction. Therefore, it appears that it is critical to assess the relationship between microRNA, circadian rhythm, and sleep disorder.Subjects and Methods: For this purpose, a query was conducted on various databases (Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed) for English articles from 1998 to 2021.Results: The current evidence confirms that miRNAs are involved in the molecular regulation of circadian rhythms by regulating sleep duration and intensity. Some of these miRNAs include miRNA-155, miRNA-7b, MiR-182, miRNA-126, miRNA-192/194, miRNA-142-3p, miRNA-132, and miRNA-219-1. Lack of sleep can cause widespread changes in protein expression throughout the brain by altering miRNA (miR-1b, miRNA-125a-3p, miR-146a, miR-26a/b-3p, and miR-138) levels.Conclusion: As reviewed in this study, miRNAs are uniquely expressed at different times and in various structures in the brain, playing a key role in sleep regulation. These findings suggest that understanding the abnormalities in the expression of circadian miRNAs could be used to treat numerous disorders following sleep deprivation.
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    Protective Effect of Vanillic Acid Against Pentylenetetrazole -Induced Convulsions in Male Rats
    (Brieflands, 2024-02-29) Yaghoob Farbood; Solmaz Salehi Sedeh; Alireza Sarkaki; Akram Ahangarpour; Mahin Dianat
    Epilepsy is a serious and widespread neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures caused by excessive electrical activity of the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vanillic acid (VA) on generalized convulsions in rats. To evaluate the anticonvulsant effect of VA, we used pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), a standard method for analyzing convulsions. Fifty-six adult male Wistar rats (200±20 g) were randomly divided randomly into 7 groups: Control (received PTZ and VA as vehicle); PTZ (80 mg/kg, I.P); PTZ+VA25, 50, 100 and 200 (received VA at doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively) and PTZ+PHB (received phenobarbital 80 mg/kg). VA or normal saline was administered 30 minutes before induction of PTZ convulsion. Immediately after PTZ administration, the following was observed in the rats: (1) Latency to onset of convulsions, (2) Number of convulsions and (3) death for the period of 60 min and convulsion behavior. Pain, MDA, SOD and GPx were assessed in each group. The results of the present study showed that VA had an anticonvulsant and analgesic effect in rats with PTZ-induced convulsions. Also, MDA level decreased after VA administration, and GPx and SOD activities were increased by VA in PTZ-induced rats. The results of the current study suggest that VA may have an anticonvulsant effect by inhibiting and/or reducing PTZ -induced seizures in the rats used by increasing or somewhat impairing GABAergic neurotransmission.
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    Protective Effect of Trimetazidine on Kidney Dysfunction: A Review of Experimental Evidence
    (Brieflands, 2024-02-29) Negin Amini; Mohammad Badavi
    Background and Objectives: Acute kidney injury is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the worldwide that is accompanied by short-term and long-term complications, including chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, and ultimately death. Various mechanisms are involved in renal dysfunction, including oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, fibrosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Trimetazidine as a drug with free radical oxygen scavenging property represents to be more invaluable against acute kidney injury. Trimetazidine is considered as an anti-ischemic drug in the treatment of cardiac diseases which has been documented pharmacologic effects such as antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, diabetic nephropathy, and nephrotoxicity models.Subjects and Methods: This review underlines the nephroprotective effect of trimetazidine on kidney injury models. For this review, the articles have been searched in the databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, and Google Scholar. The search process was provided using these keywords: “Trimetazidine”, “kidney”, “nephrotoxicity”, “renal ischemia – reperfusion injury”, and “Protective.” Results: Present study validates which trimetazidine as a potential agent alleviates kidney dysfunction in experimental models through several mechanisms.Conclusion: Trimetazidine could be considered as promising candidate to treat a variety of kidney diseases in the future.
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    Acute Kidney Injury and Hypertension in COVID-19 Infection
    (Brieflands, 2024-02-29) Khojasteh Hoseinynejad; Fatemeh Amini; Shokouh Shayanpour; Seyed Saheb Hoseinynejad
    The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all the infrastructures of human life and has turned into a global emergency. COVID-19 infection mostly affects the respiratory system but can also cause multi-organ failure, such as acute kidney injury (AKI). The present review aims to assess the relationship between COVID-19 and kidney disorders and hypertension. The six official databases, namely PubMed, WHO COVID-19 database, Academic Search Premier, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and CORD-19, were searched for scientific reports (original articles) using the keywords: “COVID-19”, “Coronavirus”, “SARS CoV-2”, “Kidney disease”, “Acute renal failure”, “Kidney transplant”, and "Hypertension". A total of 58 articles were considered for a full review.The prevalence of AKI was more than 6% prevalent in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, AKI and hypertension were associated with higher morbidity and mortality. To control hypertension, there were different opinions and findings regarding the use of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs); however, most of the studies suggested using these drugs to control blood pressure. AKI is associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates. A simple urinalysis in patients with suspected COVID-19 can reveal renal dysfunction at the earlier onset of complication, which may be very helpful before progressing to late-stage kidney disease. In addition to AKI, hypertension is considered to be accompanied by a worse prognosis. Further studies must be performed to clarify all the aspects of using hypertension medications in COVID-19 patients.
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    A Comprehensive Review on Efficacy of Leukocyte and Platelet-rich Fibrin (L-PRF) Administration in Reconstruction of Oral and Maxillofacial Structures
    (Brieflands, 2024-02-29) Shahrokh Raiesian; Amir Danial Pour Ahmadiyeh; Mahdis Masoud Rad
    Several studies have shown that growth factors are effective in soothing inflammatory processes involved in the initial hemostasis phase of wound healing. Leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) is the second generation of concentrated platelets that have been shown to stimulate the proliferation of osteoblasts, gingival fibroblasts, and periodontal ligament cells. Rich platelet components have an immune function and antibacterial properties, which play a critical role in the wound healing process. The present study aimed to review the reported documents on L-PRF administration in regeneration and wound healing of oral and maxillofacial surgeries. The research was performed using well-known medical databases to find controlled clinical trials that used L-PRF as a co-treatment strategy during oral and maxillofacial surgeries. Eligible articles published between 2000 and 2022 in PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scopus databases were selected for this review. According to the results of this study, L-PRF has significant effectiveness as a maxillofacial regenerative therapy by improving para-clinical parameters after surgery. However, more clinical practice and additional research are essential for the development of this complementary treatment method.
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    Antidepressant Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Quercus Brantii and Oil of Quercus Brantii on a Rat Model of Postpartum Depression
    (Brieflands, 2024-02-29) Sina Taghvimi; Mahnaz Kesmati; Seyed Reza Fatemi Tabatabaei; Ali Shahriari
    Background and Objectives: One of the most common complications after childbirth is postpartum depression (PPD), a major depressive disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract and oil of Quercus brantii as an experimental model of PPD in rats. Subjects and Methods: 42 adult female Wistar rats in six groups were used in this study. All animals received daily progesterone injections at a dose of 5 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days. A hydroalcoholic extract of Quercus brantii (100mg/kg) and oil (45%) were administered simultaneously with PPD modeling by progesterone withdrawal. On day 8, depressive behavior was then assessed by a forced swim test. To investigate the role of the oxidant-antioxidant system, reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) have been assessed after the last injection. Results: Statistical analysis showed that progesterone induced significant immobilization in the control group receiving saline (P
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    Protective Effects of Betulinic Acid on Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Seizures in Rats
    (Brieflands, 2021-06-30) Rasool Baitsayyah; Alireza Sarkaki; Seyyed Ali Mard; Yaghoob Farbood
    Introduction: Seizure is one of the most important diseases of the Central Nervous System (CNS) that affects about 1% to 2% of humans. Seizure is caused due to a symmetrical electrical discharge in a group of neurons in the CNS. Betulinic Acid (BA) is known as a potent antioxidant with different effects that have been mentioned in many research studies. In this study, the impact of BA was evaluated on pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure.Materials and Methods: In this study, 48 male Wister rats were used weighing between 215 and 250 g. The animals were randomized into six groups, each consisting of eight rats. Treatment groups were treated with different doses of BA (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg); positive and negative control groups received phenobarbital (80 mg/kg) and normal saline (10 mg/kg), respectively, 30 minutes before pentylenetetrazol injection (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Then, parameters such as convulsion time, latency to convulsion, pain, passive avoidance memory, and antioxidant status were studied.Results: The results revealed that BA possesses dose-dependent influence and the dose of 100 mg/kg has the maximum effect for increasing the latency to convulsion and reducing the convulsion time. Moreover, BA significantly reduced oxidative damage in the rats’ brain tissue compared with the PTZ-kindled group.Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in this study, BA can effectively control pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures. 
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    Post-Weaning Two Weeks’ Social Isolation Stress Causing Anxiety-Like Behavior, Locomotion, and Cognition Impairment in Rats
    (Brieflands, 2021-06-30) Nehzat Sarkaki; Zahra Dashtebozorgi; Yaghoob Farbood; Nima Bakhtiari; Alireza Sarkaki
    Introduction: Social and psychological stressors are associated with cognitive impairment and anxiety. This study aimed to determine the effect of two weeks’ socially-isolated post-weaning rats on their learning, memory, locomotion, and anxiety-related behavior.Materials and Methods: Young male and female Wistar rats (21 days old), separated from different mothers (with no relationship), were divided into 4 groups: groups 1 and 2 comprised colonies of six male and six female rats in separate cages, lived for 2 weeks; groups 3 and 4 comprised stressed males and females housed individually in separated opaque cages (one rat lived alone in each cage for 2 weeks) in the same room. Then, we evaluated their passive avoidance and spatial memories, anxiety-like behaviors, and motor activity. The obtained data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant between all the test groups.Results: Both avoidance and spatial memories were impaired in stressed (single lived) male and female rats significantly (P
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    Investigation of PPARγ Involvement in Crocin Effects on Apoptosis
    (Brieflands, 2021-06-30) Mohammad Badavi; Seyyed Ali Mard; Mahin Dianat; Neda Dashtbozorgi
    Background: Apoptosis is an important form of cell death, which is involved in cardiovascular disorders. We investigated the effects of combined crocin and PPARγ antagonist on the expression of regulatory genes involved in apoptosis. Also, we explored whether PPARγ is involved in the protective effect of crocin on apoptosis after myocardial ischemia.Methods: The experimental rats were divided into five groups: control group, Isoprenaline (ISO) group, GW9662 as PPARγ antagonist+ISO, crocin+ISO group, and GW9662+crocin+ISO group. Isoprenaline was injected to induce myocardial ischemia.Results: Findings showed that ISO and GW9662 increased Bax and caspase-3 gene expression and cardiac Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) marker but decreased Bcl2. Crocin alleviated the expression of Bax and caspase-3 while increased Bcl2. It also reduced CPK levels in serum. However, GW9662 reversed these effects.Conclusion: According to results, crocin may regulate apoptosis through PPARγ activation. 
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    A Review on the Effective Properties of Crocin in the Management of Cardiopulmonary Dysfunction
    (Brieflands, 2021-06-30) Mahin Dianat; Maryam Radan
    Background: Cardiopulmonary disorders are defined as a wide range of conditions that affect the heart and respiratory system. Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) are the leading causes of early death worldwide. Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and the buffering capacity of the antioxidant defense system, which ultimately causes molecular abnormalities and cellular damage. Natural antioxidants can protect biological systems against these toxic mediators. Crocin, as the main saffron constituent, is a glycosylated carotenoid with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. It shows several pharmacological properties, including protection against cardiovascular and pulmonary system disease, tumor cell proliferation, and neuroprotective activities. Numerous studies have shown the preventive and treatment effects of crocin on various cardiac disorders, including myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, and ischemia/reperfusion, as well as various respiratory disorders, including asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and COPD.Objectives: This paper reviews the documented results of studies on the beneficial effects of crocin on cardiopulmonary diseases.Methods: The scientific papers were identified by research in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct databases. Search terms were combinations of "crocin", "cardiovascular", "pulmonary", "lung", "heart", and "natural products".Results: Current evidence confirms that crocin is a potent preventive and therapeutic agent to decrease inflammation and oxidative damage to enhance the therapeutic outcomes in conditions related to cardiopulmonary problems.Conclusion: These desirable properties promise the future use of crocin as a therapeutic agent in cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. However, further clinical trials and toxicological studies are needed in this regard.
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    An Overview on Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Ellagic Acid in Renal Dysfunction
    (Brieflands, 2021-06-30) Khojasteh Hoseinynejad; Seyyed Ali Mard; Mahin Dianat
    Background: The pathology of various diseases such as cardiovascular problems, atherosclerosis, inflammation, cancer, diabetes, and renal dysfunction is related to oxidative damage to the cellular components. One of the main mechanisms of kidney dysfunction is oxidative stress which occurs in response to renal ischemia/reperfusion, ultimately leading to acute renal failure. The consuming oxygen by cells produces free radicals in the mitochondria, which are generally Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). These molecules can damage DNA that contributes to many health problems. Reducing oxidative damage is one of the most important ways to prevent these problems, and antioxidants agents can prevent oxidative stress injuries. Recently, multiple studies have focused on the antioxidant properties of herbal medicines. Ellagic Acid (EA) is a bioactive compound with a wide range of pharmaceutical and industrial applications. The most well-documented effects of EA are its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Accordingly, the current study aimed to review the previous studies regarding the effectiveness of EA on renal injuries.Methods: The articles were extracted by researching Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and PubMed databases. The keywords were combinations of “Ellagic acid”, “Renal”, “Kidney”, “Nephrotoxicity”, and “Natural products”.Results: The reported evidence identified that EA could prevent and treat inflammation and oxidative damage in kidney disorders.Conclusion: Supported by several presented studies, this review paper has given a view on the useful properties of EA as a novel therapeutic agent in renal diseases.
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    Effect of Vitamin B3 on Iron and Plasma cortisol in Postpartum Depression in Female Mice
    (Brieflands, 2018-10-31) Marzieh Abin; Maryam Rafiei Rad; Saeed Valipour Chahardachrik
    Introduction: change in cortisol levels and low iron levels after childbirths one of the major factors that exacerbate postpartum depression in women. The B-vitamins as a supplement can be effective in treating this disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of The B3 vitamin on plasma cortisol and blood iron levels in postpartum depression in adult female mice.Materials and Methods: In this study, 50 female mice of NMRI strain were divided into 5 groups (n = 10) including the control group, postpartum depression group, and groups of postpartum depression and treatment with doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg vitamin B3. The depression model was induced with a five days progesterone injection and its discontinuation. In the treated groups, vitamin B3 was injected intraperitoneally. The levels of iron and plasma cortisol in all experimental groups were measured and compared.Results: the results showed that the cortisol level in the postpartum depression group was significantly increased while the iron level was decreased. In the treated groups, all three doses of vitamin B3 have been shown to decrease cortisol levels and only 50 doses led to the increased iron levels.Conclusions: In the initial days after childbirth, taking vitamin B3 supplement can lead to reduced cortisol levels and depression in moms, and in order to avoid becoming deficient in iron, it is recommended that all animals take vitamin supplements, which requires further examination.
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    The effect of parents' diabetes on memory and learning in Rats' Offspring'
    (Brieflands, 2018-10-31) Alireza Sarkaki; Shiva Ahmadian; Mohammad Badavi; Yaghoob Farbood
    Introduction: Parental diabetes may influence risk factors in the offspring and are difficult to identify without accurate dates of diagnosis. The Aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of paternal and maternal diabetes type 1 on spatial learning and memory of adult male and female rats’ offspring.Materials and Methods: Wistar adult male and female rats were divided randomly in control (healthy) and diabetic groups. In order to mate 5 females+3 males were placed in each cage and grouped as following: 1) NMNF (normal males coupled with normal femals), 2) NMDF (normal males coupled with diabetic females), 3) DMNF (Diabetic males coupled with normal females), and 4) DMDF (both males and females were diabetic and coupled). In order to make the animal model of diabetes healthy male and female rats received a single dose of sterptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg, i.p.) and their blood glucose higher than 250 mg/dl recorded as diabetic state 5 days after STZ injection. Adult offspring (both sexes separately, at least 85-90 days old) were tested in Morris water maze (MWM) for spatial learning and memory 4 trials daily for 4 consecutive days and followed by a single trial as probe (memory test) 24 h later.Results: Spatial learning of male offspring with paternal or maternal diabetes alone was impaired while it did not in female offspring (with except for swimming speed). In other hand memory of both sexes’ offspring with one or both diabetic parents was improved significantly.Conclusions: It may be concluded; that offspring obtained from diabetic parents (one or both of them) have a risk for cognitional behavior in adult life at least at an early age. However, little is known about the precise biological process behind these effects in later life.
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    Antidiabetic Effects of Teucrium polium and Achillea millefolium aqueous extracts on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
    (Brieflands, 2018-10-31) Ali Reza Mir; Mohammad Reza Shahraki; Gholam Reza Komeli
    Introduction: Recently, the search for appropriate hypoglycemic agents has focused on plants. This study evaluated the antidiabetic Effects of Teucrium polium and Achillea millefolium aqueous extracts in diabetes.Materials and Methods: Fifty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into fiveGroups: normal rats (A); Diabetic control (B); Diabetic rats were treated with Achillea millefolium extract (C); Diabetic rats were treated with Teucrium polium extract (D); Diabetic rats were treated with Teucrium polium and Achillea millefolium mixture extracts (E). Diabetes was induced by a single dose (55 mg/kg, ip) of streptozotocin. Rats in groups C, D and E received the Achillea millefolium, Teucrium polium and mixture extracts, respectively by gavages. The control diabetic rats (B) received the same volume of normal saline and the control healthy rats (A) received normal chow and tap water. Finally, animals were anesthetized, sacrificed and blood samples were collected from the cervical vein. The biochemical parameters were measured by ordinary methods.Results: Our results showed that FBS, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL, GGT, food and water intake decreased significantly in groups C, D and E while body weight and HDL increased significantly in these groups when compared to the diabetic control group. The activity of serum ALP decreased significantly in groups C and E while there were no significant diferences of ALT and AST between groups C, D and E compared to the diabetic control group (P
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    The effects of some medicinal plants on histamine (H1) receptors
    (Brieflands, 2018-10-31) Farzaneh Shakeri; Kowsar Bavarsad; Saeideh Saadat; Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
    Medicinal plants have been identified and used as primary sources in prevention and treatment of diseases from ancient times due to its various pharmacological activities. In this review, the inhibitory effects of extracts, some fractions and some constituents of medicinal plants on histamine (H1) receptors were reviewed. Various databases including; Medline, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using inhibitory effect, histamine (H1) receptor, medicinal plants and their constituent’s keywords from 1974 to 2016. All studied plants including; Nigella sativa, Rosa damascena, Thymus vulgaris, Carum copticom, Zataria multiflora, Crocus sativus, Portulaca oleraceae, Bunium persicum, Satureja hortensis, Ephedra sinica, Humulus lupulus, Combretum racemosum, Aegle marmelos, Ginkgo biloba and Eriobotrya japonica showed a competitive antagonism effect on histamine (H1) receptors. Therefore, the studied plants and their constituents could be of therapeutic values in clinical practice as antihistamines drugs.
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    The Comparison of Functional Movement Screening Tests Score between Students with Different Body Mass Index
    (Brieflands, 2018-10-31) Maryam Mazidi; Amir Letafatkar; Fatemeh Mohammad poor; Sonya Sabet
    Introduction: Ideal functional performance requires the fundamental and basic performance skills that usually such skill in children with abnormal body mass index is more limited. The aim of this study was to compare the functional movement screening scores of students with different body mass indexes.Materials and Methods: 100 school children aged 7-10 years were selected and were divided in to three groups based on their body mass index. Functional performance was measured using the functional movement screening tests (including 7 tests: squats, step Hurdle, Lunge, shoulder mobility, straight leg raise, swimming trunk stability and rotational stability).Results: Results showed that there are between groups differences in test scores (Deep squat (P=0.041), Hurdle step (P=0.040), Lunge (P=0.040), Shoulder mobility (P=0.020), straight leg raise (P=0.031), Trunk stability Push-up (P=0.037), Rotary stability (P=0.026) and sum (P=0.004)). According to Tukey Post-hoc test results, there is a significant difference between scores of the second and third groups in terms of functional movement screen scores (composite score) (P=0.002) but there was no significant difference between the first group and the second group (P=0.079) and between the first group third group (P=0.105).Conclusions: The result of this study showed that there are significant association between body mass indexes with functional movement screening scores. On this basis, these children’s requires more care from their parents for improvement of own performance and prevention of incoming injury.
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    The Effect of saffron extract and aerobic training on serum HbA1C and Apo A1 in men with Diabetes Mellitus, Type II type 2 diabetes
    (Brieflands, 2018-10-31) Alireza Barari; Shirin Amini; Bahare Mansouri
    Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus, Type II, is a public health problem which has reached epidemic proportions due to the rapidly increasing rates of this disease worldwide. More than 246 million people in the world have diabetes. Pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical strategies for control and treatment of diabetes was provided. Exercise and nutrition, including non-drug strategies for the prevention and control of diabetes are considered.Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study. 24 men with type 2 diabetes were selected and randomly divided in four groups (1. control, 2. saffron extract, 3. aerobic exercise, 4.aerobic exercise and saffron extract). Saffron extract was used in amount of 3 mg/kg/BW per daily. Aerobic exercise, three days a week, for eight weeks, with 55-70% of maximum heart rate were performed. At the end, levels of HbA1c and Apolipoprotein A-1 were measured. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests.Results: Aerobic training (p=0.33), saffron extract (p=0.26) and saffron combined with Aerobic training (p=0.48) was no significant decrease effect on HbA1c levels in diabetic men. But in all three groups, a significant decrease in the amount of Apo A-1, in diabetic men, was observed (p
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    Evaluation of Immunogenicity of Alginate Encapsulated Human Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Peritoneal Cavity of Rat
    (Brieflands, 2021-06-30) Saeed Azandeh; Masood Moghimi; Afshin Amari; Ghasem Saki; Darioush Bijan Nejad
    Background: Human Wharton's Jelly-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hWJ-MSCs) have immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. As such,they exhibit an attractive therapeutic option for autoimmune disorders. Microencapsulation provides adequate protection against immune destruction oftransplanted cells. We aimed to investigate the cellular and humoral immune responses in the host rats transplanted with alginate microencapsulated hWJMSCsin their peritoneal cavities.Methods: hWJ-MSCs were microencapsulated in alginate microspheres and were transplanted intraperitoneally to rats. After 30 days, for theevaluation of rats' cellular and humoral immunity against hWJ-MSCs, the spleen mononuclear cells of rats were stained with CFSE and co-culturedwith hWJ-MSCs for 3 days. Then the proliferation of spleen cells against hWJ-MSC was evaluated by flow cytometry, and Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)secretion was measured by ELISA. For evaluating humoral immunity, the serum of different rat groups was incubated with hWJ-MSCs, and serummediatedcytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay and antibody binding by cell-based ELISA.Results: There were no differences between the spleen mononuclear cells proliferation, secretion of IFN-γ, serum-mediated cytotoxicity, and anti-WJMSCsantibodies in rats transplanted with encapsulated and non-encapsulated hWJ-MSCs. Encapsulated and non-encapsulated hWJ-MSCs did notstimulate the immune system in rats at the same time.Conclusion: We suggest using a 3D culture for proliferation and having a more favorable function in the transplantation of these hWJ-MSCs.
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    The role of QX-314 and Capsaicin in producing long-lasting local anesthesia in the animal model of Trigeminal Neuralgia
    (Brieflands, 2021-06-30) Masoumeh Ezzati Givi; Narges Ezzati Givi; Hadi Imani Rastabi; Farzin Memari
    Introduction: Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) consists of painful attacks often triggered with general activities, which cause impairment and disability.The first line of treatment consists of pharmacotherapy. However, the occurrence of many side-effects limits its application. Acute pain relief iscrucial for titrating oral drugs and making time for neurosurgical intervention. This study aimed to examine the long-term anesthetic effect of QX-314 and capsaicin in trigeminal neuralgia using an animal model.Materials and Methods: TN was stimulated by surgical constriction of the infraorbital nerve in rats. After seven days, anesthesia infiltrationwas done, and the duration of mechanical allodynia was compared. Thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups asfollows: control (normal saline); lidocaine (2%); QX314 (30 mM); lidocaine (2%)+QX314 (15 mM); lidocaine (2%)+QX314 (22 mM); lidocaine(2%)+QX314 (30 mM); and lidocaine (2%)+QX314 (30 mM) +capsaicin (1μg).Results: QX314 in combination with lidocaine significantly increased the duration of anesthesia, which was dose-dependent. The combination oflidocaine+QX314+capsaicin could significantly increase the duration of anesthesia in trigeminal neuralgia.Conclusion: In the present study, we demonstrated that the combination of QX-314 with lidocaine and capsaicin produced a long-lasting, reversiblelocal anesthesia and was superior to lidocaine alone in the fields of the duration of trigeminal neuropathic pain blockage.
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    Oxidative Stress Induced by Permanent Cerebral Hypoperfusion Improved by Red Grape Seed Extract in Rats
    (Brieflands, 2018-10-31) Alireza Sarkaki; Maryam Rafiei Rad; Seyed Ebrahim Hossini; Fereshteh Motamedi; Yaghoob Farbood; Mohammad Taghi Mansouri; Bahareh Naqhizadeh
    Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic oral administration of red grape seed extract (GSE) on brain oxidative stress induced after permanent bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAO) in male adult rats.Methods: Thirty-two adult male Wistar rats (220±20g). The rats were divided randomly into four groups of 8 in each: 1) Sham+Veh; 2) Sham+GSE; 3) Isch+Veh; 4) Isch+GSE. In order to make animal model of permanent cerebral hypoperfusion/ischemia, both carotid arteries were ligated upper and lower and cut bilaterally. The animals in the treatment groups received a dose of 100 mg/kg GSE daily, by oral gavage (PO) for 4 weeks. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and total thiol (–SH) groups were measured in homogenate of cerebral hippocampus and cortex.Results: MDA elevated significantly in rats’ hippocampus and cortex after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion/ischemia when compared with sham rats (P