International Journal of Sport Studies for Health

In Collaboration with International Journal of Sport Studies for Health (Published with Brieflands till the end of 2023)

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This journal is no longer published by Brieflands. For more information, please refer to: https://journals.kmanpub.com/index.php/Intjssh

The International Journal of Sport Studies for Health (IJSSH) is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-quality empirical and theoretical contributions in the fields of physical activity and sport sciences. The journal provides a platform for researchers and scholars to share their work and contribute to advancing knowledge and understanding in the fields of sport and health. IJSSH publishes original research articles, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and case studies covering various aspects of sport and health, including exercise physiology, biomechanics, motor control and learning, motor development, sports medicine, coaching, psychology, sport sociology, and sport psychology.

Peer Review Policy:

1) Double-Blind Peer Review System

2) Open Peer Review (since Aug 2019), Show List of All Published Reviewers' Comments

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Recent Submissions

Now showing 1 - 20 of 98
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    Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Testosterone and Cortisol Hormone of Blood Serum of Sedentary Male Students
    (Brieflands, 2019-04-30) Mansour Sayyah; Zarichehr Vakili; Hasan Ehtram; Fahimeh Sarbandi; Zahra Amooyi
    Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the effect of two months of intermittent aerobic exercise on cortisol and testosterone hormones. Methods: Twenty healthy sedentary volunteer male subjects (age: 22.2 ± 3.2; height: 174.5 ± 4.6 cm) participated in this research. They were randomly assigned into two groups of experimental and control conditions. Fasting blood sample was drawn prior to the start of the exercise program from both groups. The experimental group participated in 8 consecutive weeks of intermittent aerobic exercise running 4 distances of 200 meter with rest interval between each run. The running distance increased 400 meter weekly. At the end of the program, fasting blood samples was obtained to measure the testosterone and cortisol hormone. Results: The results of analysis indicated that no significant changes occurred in the mean value of serum testosterone of both groups in the experimental and control group (P > 0.05). However, the exercise condition caused a significant change in the mean value of serum cortisol in the exercising group (P = 0.0001). Conclusions: The significant change in cortisol was associated with significant weight loss in the exercise group suggesting that this condition caused inflammation in addition to the fat catabolism in the exercised group.
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    The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation After Resistance Training on Physiological Characteristics in Futsal Players with Vitamin D Deficiency
    (Brieflands, 2022-04-30) Mehdi Motavari; Farnaz Seifi-Skishahr; Maghsoud Nabilpour; Jerry Mayhew; Elahe Mamshali; Roghayyeh Afroundeh
    Background: Recent research indicates the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency worldwide and is conflicting evidence as to whether vitamin D supplementation actually improves physical performance. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on improving muscle strength, muscle volume and cardiorespiratory fitness through resistance training in male athletes with vitamin D deficiency. Methods: This study was conducted with pre-test and post-test series design and quasi-experimental method. The population included 36 male futsal players with vitamin D deficiency that were randomly divided into four groups of nine: exercise (EX), exercise-supplement (EXS), supplement (SUP) and control (CON). SUP and EXS groups received vitamin D3 (50,000 intramuscular injections) every two weeks for 8 weeks and performed three resistance training (RT) sessions per week at a rate of 75% 1RM. Before and after intervention, blood sampling were drawn and measurements performed for 1RM, muscle volume (cm2), and VO2max by standard Bruce test. Correlated t-test was used to compare pre-test and post-test results and to measure the differences between groups, one-way analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test were used using SPSS statistical software. Results: Muscle volume increased significantly (P-value = 0.001) only in EX and EXS groups. Cardio-respiratory fitness did not change significantly in any of the groups (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between EXS and SUP groups for any of the measured variables (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: It seems that simultaneous application of vitamin D supplementation and resistance training for 8 weeks does not have a significant effect on the improvement of the strength and endurance of futsal players.
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    Conference Abstracts: 2nd International Congress on “Education, Motor Behaviour, Sport and Health,” Sfax, Tunisia (15-18 December 2021)
    (Brieflands, 2021-12-31) Hamdi Chtourou
    This article does not have an abstract.
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    The Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in Well-Being and Perceived Stress in Adolescents with Low Academic Performance During the COVID-19 Pandemic
    (Brieflands, 2021-10-31) Nasim Shahrokhian; Saeid Hassanzadeh; Hadi Hashemi Razini; Maryam Ramshini
    Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the serious issues which has affected mental health in the world. One of the age groups whose learning processes are highly influenced by the pandemic are adolescents, especially those with low academic performance. Although there have always been problems in the learning process at schools prior to the pandemic, online learning systems have added more challenges to the educational system which results in poor academic performance in this group. Increased stress is among the negative consequence which in turn can affect well-being. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) affects well-being and perceived stress in adolescents with low academic performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design and follow-up with a control group. The subjects were 30 adolescents with low academic who were chosen based on by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group. The research tools were the well-being, perceived stress questionnaires, and CBT. The experimental group received CBT intervention for 10 sessions, each for 120 minutes online, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed by the repeated measures analysis method. Results: Based on the obtained results, there was a significant effect of CBT on well-being and perceived stress in the experimental group. The finding indicated that CBT led to increasing wellbeing and reducing perceived stress in adolescents with low academic performance (P ≤ 0.05). This effect impact was persisted following 3 months in the experimental group as well. Conclusions: Considering the effectiveness of mentioned therapy methods on adolescents with low academic performance, it is necessary to apply such a way to improve the well-being of adolescents and relieve their stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, which consequently leads to academic and mental improvement. Moreover, CBT is a feasible and acceptable intervention in adolescents with low academic performance.
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    Is It Possible to Age Healthy Performing Ultra-endurance Exercises?
    (Brieflands, 2021-04-30) Rodrigo Luiz Vancini; Marilia dos Santos Andrade; Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira; Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis; Beat Knechtle
    Context: The process of decline in endurance capacity is particularly insidious over age 60 and varies considerably with sex, task specificity, and individual training status. Around 50 years of age, aging also implies deterioration of neuromuscular function, affecting muscle strength and power. The aim of the present article was to perform a mini-review to verify how ultra-endurance exercises impact the aging process. Evidence Acquisition: For this, we reviewed the PubMed database (on 20/01/2022) by crossing the key terms, in the simple form, “ultra AND endurance AND exercise AND aging”. This research provided 25 articles from which we made a selection. Results: We observed that the number of articles on the topic is low. The main findings showed that ultra-endurance exercise, high volume physical exercise (six-hours or more) with peak intensity moments, in long-term, is associated with increased risk of heart disease, sudden death, shortening of telomeres, accelerating aging cell, and harm to the healthy aging process and longevity. Conclusions: There is still little literature about the impacts of ultra-endurance practice on the aging process. Although there are indications that this may happen, such as shortening of telomeres and cellular aging, it is still not possible to establish a cause-effect relationship. Furthermore, it is not just about physical exercise, it is necessary to take into account individual factors (intrinsic and extrinsic) that interact with the sports trajectory, life habits, biology, and genetics.
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    The Association Between Sprint Speed Test and Isokinetic Knee Strength in Healthy Male Volleyball Players
    (Brieflands, 2021-10-31) Daryoush Didehdar; Ameneh Kharazinejad
    Background: Volleyball is a sport with technical elements and explosive power. Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between sprint speed and isokinetic knee strength applied at different angular velocities in male volleyball players. Methods: This study was conducted on 15 volunteer male volleyball players (age; 17 - 25 years, height; 1.75 + 0.12 m). Isomedx 2002 isokinetic dynamometer is employed to measure the isokinetic strength, and a 20 m sprint test is conducted to measure the speed. In measuring knee flexion and isokinetic extension strength, quadriceps and hamstring concentric/eccocentric are measured separately on both legs at 60°/sec angular velocity for three repetitions, at 180°/sec for six repetitions, and at 300°/sec for nine repetitions. For statistical analysis, the Spearman’s correlation test was performed using SPSS 18.0 (SPSS Inc., USA) software. Results: The highest torque value in subjects was recorded on both sides at 60°/sec angular velocity, 180 and 300 degrees, respectively, were lower. There was no significant relationship between speed and isokinetic strength at different angular velocities. Conclusions: Based on our results, the highest peak torque in volleyball players was found to be at 60°/sec angular velocity while no significant correlation was found between isokinetic strength of the knee at different angular velocities and speed of volleyball players.
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    Role of Specific Playing Position on Various Anthropometric, Body Composition and Physical Fitness Parameters of Indian Male Sepak Takraw Players
    (Brieflands, 2020-04-30) Surojit Sarkar; Suvam Dasgupta; Subhra Chatterjee; K Kosana Meitei; Amit Bandyopadhyay; Swapan Kumar Dey
    Background: Anthropometric and physiologic properties have influence on exercise performance in sepak takraw and physiological profiles of athletes differ between sports and playing positions. Objectives: Present study was aimed to determine the effect of playing position on anthropometric, body composition and physical fitness parameters in young male sepak takraw players. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on three positional groups of total 44 male Indian sepak takraw players (spiker/killer, n = 14; tekong, n = 14; and feeder, n = 16) of national level. Anthropometric parameters, body composition profile, physical fitness variables including 30m flying, 6X10m shuttle run, vertical jump, sit up, endurance and anaerobic power were assessed by following standard protocols. Results: Significant differences were observed in height, weight and leg length among the positional groups. Almost all body composition parameters were significantly (P < 0.01) higher among ‘tekong’ position except fat mass. Handgrip strength, back strength, vertical jump, sit up, VO2max, explosive leg power and maximum anaerobic power were found to be significantly differed among the three positional groups of sepak takraw. Regression prediction model identified back strength (P = 0.034), peak explosive power (P < 0.001) and leg length (P < 0.001) as the significant predictor of vertical jump (R2 = 0.930 and P < 0.001). Conclusions: Players of ‘tekong’ position were better in anthropometric and body composition profiles than ‘spiker and feeder’. Whereas, ‘spiker’ position was found to have higher back strength, explosive power, vertical jump and sit up abilities. Regression model identifies back strength, peak explosive power and leg length as the significant predictors of performance in sepak takraw.
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    Comparison of Visual and Auditory Reaction Times in Athletes and Sedentary Individuals with Different Somatotypes: A Neuroperformance Study
    (Brieflands, 2020-02-08) Deniz Şenol; Merve Altınoğlu; Ayşegul Kısaoğlu; Şeyma Toy; Serkan Duz; Davut Ozbağ
    Background: Body composition, which is affected by body fat ratio is an important factor affecting parameters such as strength, endurance, flexibility and agility required for superiority in sportive performance. Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare visual (VRT) and auditory (ART) reaction times of athletes and sedentary individuals with different somatotypes. Methods: The study included 148 individuals (73 athletes and 75 sedentary) with no symptoms. Somatotype character analysis was performed with Somatotype (1.2.6 trial) program using Heath-Carter formula after the determined anthropometric measurements were taken. Reaction time measurements were performed with Hubbard reaction meter. Results: Six different somatotypes were determined in both sedentary and athlete groups that participated in the study. In the comparison of VRT and ART scores of athletes and sedentary individuals in terms of each somatotype, statistically significant difference was found in VRT score in balanced ectomorph somatotype and in both VRT and ART scores of endomorphic mesomorph somatotype (P < 0.05). Conclusions: We think that regular training and sports shorten VRT and ART. We presume that these characteristics of athletes shorten their reaction times since sports events require more concentration. The results of our study are interesting in terms of being a new subject for scientists working in this field.
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    The Effect of Resistance Training and Vitamin D on Leptin and HDL-C in Overweight Women
    (Brieflands, 2020-07-29) Maryam Najafi; Hoseyn Fatolahi
    Background: Exercise training and vitamin D consumption are separately reported to be effective on improving health. However, the simultaneous effect of resistance training and vitamin D is not clear yet. However, there is no information available on the resistance training and the amount of vitamin D prescription. In addition, it is important to examine this issue in women who are known as an active and effective part of society. Methods: The participants (n = 40) of this study were randomly divided into four groups as follows: (1) placebo, (2) resistance training, (3) vitamin D, and (4) resistance training + vitamin D. In this study, interventions were performed for an 8-week period (3 D/W) consisting of resistance training protocol (60% 1-RM) and daily consumption of vitamin D (1000 IU). Anthropometric and laboratory measurements were collected 48 hours before and after the intervention. Results: Changes in HDL-C (P = 0.001, F = 6.3), total cholesterol (P = 0.001, F = 7.8), and leptin concentration (P = 0.001, F = 11.4) were significant. Accordingly, these changes in the study variables showed a better improvement in the resistance training + vitamin D group compared to the other groups (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Probably the most important factor for the observed changes was the reduction of adipose tissue caused by resistance training, as well as the enhancement of signaling pathways resulting from the consumption of vitamin D. However, maintaining muscle tissue caused by resistance training can be effective. Moreover, HDL change due to resistance training and its effect on reverse cholesterol transport may occur faster than LDL-C changes. Also, the improvement in LDL-C appears in response to longer periods of exercise along with drug therapy.
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    Heart Rate Values During Shooting is a Field-Side Performance Analysis Tool in Archery-A study of Elite Indian Archers
    (Brieflands, 2020-02-05) Chandra Sekara Guru; Anup Krishnan; Uma Mahajan; Deep Sharma
    Background: Heart rate value during different phases of archery shooting has been correlated with performance scores. Objectives: This study was done to ascertain this and with an aim of real-time objective field assessment of training and performance among Elite Indian archers. Methods: The study was conducted in Indoor archery hall as per World Archery Association rules with Cross-sectional study design. Seven volunteered male elite archers (mean age: 23.9 ± 3.00 years, mean experience: 8.5 ± 2.35 years) shot 30 arrows each (n = 210) with simultaneous recording of heart rate, score and shooting action. Release frames were identified by slow motion analysis. Heart rate values during release (0 s), every second for 5 seconds before and after the release of arrow were noted and analyzed. One-way ANOVA test was employed. Level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: One-way ANOVA of heart rate values at all 11 time-points between the three scores 8, 9 and 10 showed significant differences from -5 s to -1 s with heart rate values at score 8 being significantly higher (P < 0.05). Heart rate decreased significantly from -5 s to +1 s and increased further. Conclusions: Heart rate deceleration was found in aiming and release phases of shooting. The elicited change in trend of the heart rate values can be used as a field-tool for training archers. Future studies on novice archers would help us understand the change in trend with training and experience in the sports.
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    Exercise: A Free Medicine of All Time
    (Brieflands, 2020-06-16) Faisal Muhammad
    This article does not have an abstract.
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    Somatotype, Body Composition and Anthropometric Profiles of Indian Male Greco-Roman Wrestlers
    (Brieflands, 2019-10-31) Atriya Neogi; Apoorva Tiwari; Tambi Medabala; Snehunsu Adhikari; Swapan Kumar Dey
    Background: Wrestling is known as a sport which highly requires physical preparation besides performing techniques such as clinch, fighting, throws and takedowns, joint locks, pins and other grappling holds. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess body composition, anthropometric profiles and somatotype rating of young male Greco-Roman wrestlers and sedentary controls. Methods: Nine heavyweight category wrestlers with mean age of 16.2 ± 0.89 years, 19 lightweight category male wrestlers with mean age of 16.4 ± 0.95 years, and 50 sedentary males with mean age of 16.9 ± 0.94 years, were recruited for the study. Results: The results suggested that heavyweight category wrestlers were taller (178.3 ± 5.76), heavier (76.5 ± 8.17) than the other two categories. Body surface area was also found to be highest (1.95 ± 0.15) while sedentary controls were found to be highest in %BF (12.4 ± 2.10). Somatotype rating of the heavyweights, lightweights and sedentary controls were 4.3 - 5.0 - 2.6, 4.1 - 5.1 - 2.2 and 4.6 - 2.9 - 2.8 respectively. Wrestlers were found to be endomorphic-mesomorph while the controls were balanced endomorph. A significant (P < 0.05) differences were noticed almost in all the parameters except bicep and endomorphic component when compared among the groups. Body height, weight, BSA and suprailliac skin fold were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) differed when compared between the weight category groups. ANOM plot revealed that insignificant somatotype mean variation exist between the weight categories. Wrestler of Poland, Turkey and Iran have also reported that the %BF, BMI and somatotype rating scores which was higher in Greco-Roman wrestlers. Conclusions: The present study compared the different anthropometric characteristics, somatotype rating and body composition profiles of Greco-Roman wrestlers and sedentary control groups. Differences in various parameters were found to be being related to training regimen and their socio-economic status.
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    Nap Opportunity As a Strategy to Improve Short-Term Repetitive Maximal Performance During the 5-m Shuttle Run Test: A Brief Review
    (Brieflands, 2019-10-08) Hamdi Chtourou; Cyrine H'mida; Omar Boukhris; Khaled Trabelsi; Achraf Ammar; Nizar Souissi
    Sleep is fundamental for recovery and good mental, cognitive and physical performance. Many factors could affect the sleep of the physical active people or athletes such as: late night training sessions or competition, Ramadan fasting and jetlag. These conditions that affect the sleep quality have significant negative effects on mental, cognitive and physical performance. Thus, scientists have to find strategies to overcome the perturbation of sleep and to optimize mental, cognitive and physical performance especially for physical active people and athletes. One of the proposed strategies is the nap opportunity. Otherwise, in their routinely training sessions, athletes are required to perform short-term repetitive maximal sprints. One of the utilized exercise for testing or training is the 5-m shuttle run test (5mSRT). Recent studies concluded that a nap opportunity has a positive effect on performance during the 5mSRT. These studies reported that this positive effect depends on the duration and the time of day of the nap opportunity. Indeed, the positive effect of the nap opportunity was better after a duration of 45-minutes compared to a 25-minutes. Also, this positive effect was reported when the nap opportunity was performed at 14h00 or 15h00. However, no-positive effect was reported when the nap opportunity was realized at 13h00.
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    Strategies to Ensure Accurate Calculation of Parameters of the VO2 Response Profile During Heavy Intensity Cycle Ergometer Exercise
    (Brieflands, 2019-10-31) David Wilfred Hill
    Background: The parameters of the VO2 response profile are obtained by fitting breath-by-breath VO2 data from an exercise test to an appropriate mathematical model. Several strategies have been recommended to ensure, or at least improve, the accuracy of the values. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate two strategies to enhance the accuracy of parameter estimates that describe the two-component VO2 response during heavy intensity exercise. The first was to use data from a number of tests rather than just one. The second was to ‘smooth’ the data, using three-breath, five-breath, or seven-breath rolling averages of the breath-by-breath VO2 data prior to fitting the data to the two-component model. Methods: Twenty participants (eight women and twelve men) performed six 6-min heavy-intensity (midway between the ventilatory threshold and VO2max) cycle ergometer tests. Breath-by-breath data and smoothed data from each test were fit to a two-component model. The parameter estimates from the first test, and the average of the values from the first two, first three, first four, first five, and all six tests were compared against the criterion value, which was the average of all six values obtained using five-breath averages. Results: Modeling five-breath averages of data from the first test generated values for the parameters that were closely related to the criterion values. Modeling data from two or three tests improved the accuracy slightly, but improvements were small, and negligible when more than three tests were included. Conclusions: Depending upon the accuracy required, that is depending upon how close each and every participant’s value must be to his or her ‘true’ value, smoothed data from one or two tests is sufficient to calculate the values that describe the two-parameter VO2 response profile in heavy intensity cycling exercise.
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    WITHDRAWN: Effect of Different Methods of Training in Body Composition and Lipid Profile in Occupational Men
    (Brieflands, 2017-05-31) Marjiana Angela Zin; Gisele Maria Tonin da Costa; Andrigo Zaar
    This article does not have an abstract.
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    Validity of Measured vs. Self-Reported Height, Weight and Body-Mass Index in Urban Croatian Adolescents
    (Brieflands, 2019-04-30) Lovro Štefan; Mario Baić; Damir Pekas
    Objectives: The aim of this research was to estimate the validity of measured and self-reported height, weight and body-mass index (BMI) in Croatian adolescents. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants were 286 urban secondary-school students (53% of girls) from the city of Zagreb, Croatia. To assess self-reported height, weight and sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, an in-person interview was carried out. Results: Both boys and girls underestimated weight and height. Cohen’s D effect showed that these differences were trivial. Pearson’s coefficient of correlation between self-reported and measured values ranged from 0.95 to 0.97 in both boys and girls. The prevalence of underweight was overestimated, when using personal assessment of BMI, while overweight status was underestimated by both gender. Kappa statistics showed good (0.64 in girls) and excellent (0.89 in boys) agreement between the self-reported and measured BMI. Conclusions: Our findings suggest, that there is the inaccuracy between measured and personal assessment of height and weight to determine the prevalence of overweight/obesity, especially in girls. However, self-reported height, weight and calculated BMI may be used as a valid assessment for large epidemiological studies, but not for intervention purposes.
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    Effects of L-arginine Supplementation and Aerobic Training on Hemodynamic Indices of Obese Men
    (Brieflands, 2019-04-14) Majid Jahani; Maghsoud Nabilpour; Rodrigo Ramirez Campillo
    Background: L-arginine is a precursor to nitric oxide, which can affect some hemodynamic indices. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of one-month aerobic training with and without supplementation of L-arginine on hemodynamic indices in obese men. Methods: A quasi-experimental double-blind, study was carried out. Subjects (age, 30 - 45 years; BMI, 38 - 40 kg.m-2) were randomly assigned to an exercise and L-arginine supplementation group (n = 10) and placebo group (n = 10). Before and after four weeks of aerobic exercise (three 90 - 120 min sessions per week at 65% - 85% of maximal heart rate), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and rate pressure product (RPP) were measured at rest. The analysis of variance was used to determine the interaction between the two factors of exercise and supplementation of L-arginine on the dependent variables at P < 0.05. Results: Four weeks of aerobic exercise reduced the RPP in both groups (P ≤ 0.05), while the L-arginine group significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (116.6 ± 3.40), diastolic blood pressure (76 ± 2.29) and RPP (8918.2 ± 722.86). Conclusions: L-arginine supplementation along with four weeks of aerobic exercise can be effective in controlling hypertensive of obese men.
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    Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Testosterone and Cortisol Hormone of Blood Serum of Sedentary Male Students
    (Brieflands, 2019-04-30) Mansour Sayyah; Zarichehr Vakili; Hasan Ehtram; Fahimeh Sarbandi; Zahra Amooyi
    Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the effect of two months of intermittent aerobic exercise on cortisol and testosterone hormones. Methods: Twenty healthy sedentary volunteer male subjects (age: 22.2 ± 3.2; height: 174.5 ± 4.6 cm) participated in this research. They were randomly assigned into two groups of experimental and control conditions. Fasting blood sample was drawn prior to the start of the exercise program from both groups. The experimental group participated in 8 consecutive weeks of intermittent aerobic exercise running 4 distances of 200 meter with rest interval between each run. The running distance increased 400 meter weekly. At the end of the program, fasting blood samples was obtained to measure the testosterone and cortisol hormone. Results: The results of analysis indicated that no significant changes occurred in the mean value of serum testosterone of both groups in the experimental and control group (P > 0.05). However, the exercise condition caused a significant change in the mean value of serum cortisol in the exercising group (P = 0.0001). Conclusions: The significant change in cortisol was associated with significant weight loss in the exercise group suggesting that this condition caused inflammation in addition to the fat catabolism in the exercised group.
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    The Effect of Eight Weeks High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on E-Selection and P-Selection in Young Obese Females
    (Brieflands, 2018-01-31) Mohsen Jafari; Elham Pouryamehr; Mehrdad Fathi
    Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of eight weeks high intensity interval training on the levels of E-selection and P-selection. Methods: 16 obese young females were randomly assigned into two experimental (N = 8, age; 26.12 ± 3.1 years; height, 1.6 ± 0.06 meters; weight, 85.5 ± 16.6 kilograms) and control groups (N = 8; age, 31 ± 6.23 years; height, 1.6 ± 0.02 meters; weight, 76.2 ± 12.06 kilograms). Exercise protocol included eight weeks (three sessions per week, each session four to seven repetitions of running with maximum velocity in a 40-meter distance with 30 seconds’ recovery) HIIT trainings. Fasting blood samples were taken 24h before and after the training. Elisa method was used to measure the dependent variables. Results: Analysis of data using student T-test showed no significant changes in the levels of E-selection and P-selection after trainings (P > 0.05). Conclusions: It was concluded that more duration of training is probably needed to have significant effect of HIIT trainings on the levels of E-selection and P-selection.
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    Effects of Practicing Physical Activity During Ramadan Fasting on Health-Related Indices: An Updated Brief Review
    (Brieflands, 2018-07-31) Khaled Trabelsi; Wassim Moalla; Omar Boukhris; Achraf Ammar; Kais Elabed; Ahmed Hakim; Hamdi Chtourou
    Based on Moon observation, every year, adults healthy Muslims practiced Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) for 29 or 30 consecutive days. During RIF Muslims are allowed to food and fluid intake only during night (from sunset to sunrise). Thus, behavioral changes are observed during RIF (e.g., food and sleep habits). Despite these changes, many healthy Muslims maintain their normal habitual physical exercise practice during RIF. However, changes in blood lipids, metabolic markers, electrolytes and hematological parameters during RIF in practitioners of physical activity are yet poorly studied. Therefore, the present review article will summarize the health specific effects of RIF in subjects engaged in physical training during Ramadan.