International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction

Permanent URI for this collection

https://repository.brieflands.com/handle/123456789/35697

In Collaboration with Zahedan University of Medical Sciences

News

International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction is an authentic clinical journal whose content is devoted to the particular compilation of the latest worldwide and interdisciplinary approaches and findings, including original manuscripts, meta-analyses and reviews, health economic papers, debates, and consensus statements of the clinical relevance of Risky behaviors and addiction. In addition, consensus evidential reports highlight the new observations, original research, and results accompanied by innovative treatments and all the other relevant topics and include highlighting disease mechanisms or important clinical observations and letters on articles published in this journal.

Aim & Scope:

Major Fields:
- High-risk behaviors
- Addiction
Minor Scopes:
- Smoking Consumption
- Alcohol consumption
- Substance abuse
- Unsafe sexual behavior
- Obesity and unhealthy eating habits
- Physical inactivity
- Violence
- Suicidal behavior and self-injurious behaviors

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 483

Opium and Tobacco Use, and Outcome in COVID-19 Infected Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
(Brieflands, 2024-06-30) Amir Asadi; Forouzan Elyasi; Mahmood Moosazadeh; Iradj Maleki; Ideh Ghafour; Maryam Hassanian Badi; Hamidreza Namvar; Ehsan Dadgostar; Mahdi Salehi; Mehran Zarghami
Background: Individuals with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to novel coronavirus (COVID-19), and data are limited on the relationship between opium and tobacco use and COVID-19 mortality. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of opium and tobacco use, as well as the effect of different consumption intensities of these substances, on the outcomes of patients with COVID-19. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 900 patients with a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 who were referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari, Iran, were reviewed. Data collection was conducted through the patient information registry system and telephone contact with patients or their companions. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25 software. Chi-Square, Fisher's exact, and Mann-Whitney tests were used for comparisons between groups. A P-value of 5% or lower was considered statistically significant. Results: Death and systolic blood pressure were significantly higher (P = 0.023 and P = 0.01, respectively), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was significantly lower in tobacco smokers (P = 0.046). Additionally, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, and multiple co-morbidities were significantly higher in opioid users (P < 0.001, P = 0.004, and P = 0.014, respectively), and fatigue was significantly lower in the group that did not use opioids (P = 0.009). No statistically significant relationship was found in any of the subgroups of opioid and tobacco users in terms of death or discharge (P > 0.05). Conclusions: In a global context where COVID-19 mutations are prevalent, any amount of tobacco and opium use should be considered a risk factor.
Erratum for Protective Effects of Vitamin E on Heart and Testis Histology Following MDMA (Ecstasy) Exposure in Mice [Int J High Risk Behav Addict. 2018; 8(4):e84212]
(Brieflands, 2024-06-30) Seyed Soran Ghafori; Masoumeh Zirak Javanmard; Khadije Meghrazi; Mojtaba Karimipour; Tahmineh Peirouvi
This article does not have an abstract.
MRNA Expression of Dopamine Receptors in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Social Networking Sites (SNS) Addicts: A Case-control Study
(Brieflands, 2024-03-31) Mahin Eslami Shahrbabki; Zahra Ramazanian Bafghi; Seyed Mojtaba MirHosseini; Ehsan Mirkamandar; Atefeh Ahmadi
Background: The increasing importance of and reliance on social networking sites (SNS) has led people to frequent usage and addiction. The dopaminergic system plays a crucial role in the addiction process. Additionally, research suggests that the level of expression of brain neurotransmitter receptors may be reflected in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the expression of dopamine receptors in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) among SNS addicts and their relatives. Methods: The mRNA expression of dopamine D3, D4, and D5 receptors in peripheral blood lymphocytes was assessed using real-time PCR in SNS addicts (n = 10) and their first-degree relatives (n = 10) compared with normal subjects (n = 10). Results: The findings revealed a significant decrease in D5 and D4 receptor mRNA expression in the PBL of SNS addicts compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In contrast, D3 receptor mRNA levels showed no significant change (P > 0.05). First-degree relatives of SNS addicts also exhibited a significant decrease in D5 receptor mRNA levels compared to the control group (P < 0.05), but unlike SNS addicts, D4 receptor levels did not show any significant decrease. D3 levels also remained unchanged (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, considering the genetic factors that strongly influence social network addiction, necessary measures should be implemented to prevent this type of addiction in families and institutions such as schools and universities.
Prevalence of Child Abuse and Correlations with Family Factors Among Elementary School-aged Children
(Brieflands, 2021-06-30) Raheleh Rafaiee; Fahimeh Mohseni; Nafiseh Akbarian
Background: Child abuse is a significant health and social problem. Different social and family factors have effects on child abuse. Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of child abuse in three domains of physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect among a sample of elementary school children in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 400 elementary school children were selected through multistage cluster sampling from Shahroud, Iran, and assessed for all child abuse domains, except for sexual abuse, using a validated self-administered Persian questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS, using descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and multiple linear regression analysis (P ≤ 0.05). Results: The mean age of the participants was 10.83 years (SD = 1.9). Overall, 63.8%, 27%, and 90.3% of children reported emotional abuse, physical abuse, and neglect, respectively. There were significant associations between the mother’s employment status and neglect (P < 0.001), father’s education and physical child abuse (P = 0.03), and father’s smoking and emotional child abuse (P < 0.001). The results showed that lower levels of family socioeconomic status had significant effects on neglect (P = 0.006) and emotional child abuse (P = 0.003). Conclusions: Among the studied children, 73.8% declared at least one type of child abuse. It seems that the prevalence of neglect increased among school-aged children compared to previous studies from Iran. The low socioeconomic status of the family is significantly related to child abuse. Family physicians and school counselors play important roles in identifying and reporting child abuse and neglect. Therefore, they should be more involved in the prevention of child abuse.
Family Factors Affecting Adolescent Violence: A Qualitative Content Analysis
(Brieflands, 2021-06-30) Ali Ramezankhani; Abouali Vedadhir; Fatemeh Alhani; Fatemeh Mohammadkhah
Background: Family and parents’ supervision and performance affect the proper socialization process of adolescents and their behavioral development. Therefore, this qualitative study was conducted to examine the family factors affecting violence in adolescents. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using the conventional qualitative content analysis method in 2017 in Roodsar. Data saturation was obtained with 50 individuals using 4 questions. The data were collected using in-depth interviews with purposive sampling among female primary and secondary school students as the main participants of the study and their teachers and family as contributors. All interviews were recorded and then typed. Data analysis was done continuously and simultaneously by collecting data using Lundman and Graneheimm constant comparative method. Results: Data analysis was conducted using the conventional qualitative analysis method resulted in the extraction of 357 primary codes, 21 sub-sub-categories, 4 sub-categories, and one main category. At the end of this stage, the family factors affecting the violence of adolescents in the whole family provided insecurity to the adolescents, and an insecure family was defined according to the findings as follows: "a broken family with incorrect parenting practices and open borders that provide an insecure environment for the student and lead to violent behavior in adolescent". Conclusions: According to the results of this study family factors are related to adolescent violence. Regarding the independence of adolescents at this age and the role of other socializing formal and informal institutions that affect adolescent behavior, the strong and influential role of the family on adolescent behavior is quite obvious.
Translation of the Extended Addictive Features Section of the Ottawa Self-injury Inventory Version 3.1 in German
(Brieflands, 2022-03-31) Christopher Alan Lewis; Sarah Davis; Dagmar A. S. Corry; Sarah Demmrich
This article does not have an abstract.
Translation of the Extended Addictive Features Section of the Ottawa Self-injury Inventory Version 3.1 in German
(Brieflands, 2022-03-31) Christopher Alan Lewis; Sarah Davis; Dagmar A. S. Corry; Sarah Demmrich
This article does not have an abstract.
Gender Differences in the Effect of Resilience Training on Emotional Intelligence in At-Risk Students in Shiraz, Iran
(Brieflands, 2022-06-30) Hassan Joulaei; Faranak Fathi; Tayebeh Rakhshani; Mahin Nazari; Zahra Hosseinkhani; Maryam Fatemi; Zohre Foroozanfar
Background: Adolescence is one of the most important and challenging stages in life. psychological, cognitive and emotional changes during this period can expose adolescents to high risk behaviors. Objectives: The current study examined the effectiveness of resilience training on emotional intelligence (EI) and assessed gender differences in this regard among adolescents living in the outskirts of Shiraz, Iran. Methods: This pre-post study included 191 students and used an intervention consisting of nine resilience-training sessions. The evaluated outcomes were EI and its 15 components. The paired-samples and independent-samples t-tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Out of 191 students, 88 (46.1%) were boys. Before and after the intervention, the mean EI score for boys was 312.52 ± 37.79 and 327.31 ± 37.75, while for girls, it was 310.74 ± 30.05 and 312.20 ± 29.51, respectively. Following the intervention, the scores of boys in problem-solving (P = 0.007), happiness (P = 0.001), emotional self-awareness (P = 0.044), optimism (P = 0.029), self-regard (P = 0.046), impulse control (P = 0.013), and social responsibility (P = 0.042), as well as the total score of EI (P = 0.005), increased significantly. However, only the optimism score (P = 0.004) rose significantly in girls post-intervention. In addition, there were significant differences in the mean of problem-solving (P = 0.006), happiness (P = 0.001), impulse control (P = 0.042), and the total score (P = 0.035) between boys and girls, before and after the intervention. Conclusions: Resilience training may help moderate high-risk behaviors among adolescents living on the outskirts of Iran’s major cities, particularly boys. Based on the gender differences in EI components, it was suggested that female adolescents required significantly more attention. Nonetheless, gender differences in EI components were contentious, and it was concluded that a variety of factors, including the socio-cultural context, may be involved.
Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM Version II): A Psychometric Properties Analysis
(Brieflands, 2022-12-31) Mahin Eslami Shahrbabaki; Habibeh Ahmadipour; Narjes Yousefi; Parisa Divsalar
Background: Methadone or buprenorphine maintenance therapy is an effective treatment for opioid dependence. Since the satisfaction of patients under methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) plays an important role in their therapeutic success, it seems important to evaluate the satisfaction of methadone usage using multidimensional psychometric tools. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) version II. Patients and Methods: This cross‑sectional study was carried out on 288 opioid-dependent patients of Shahid Beheshti MMT clinic in Kerman, Iran, selected using the convenience sampling method. The data were collected using a questionnaire containing the demographic characteristics of the participants and the Persian version of the TSQM version II containing 11 items in four subscales of effectiveness, side effects, convenience of use, and overall satisfaction. The sum of the scores of each subscale is displayed as a number from 0 to 100. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed. The construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The internal consistency and repeatability of the TSQM version II were determined using Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest methods, respectively. LISREL software (version 8.8) and SPSS software (version 20.0) were used to analyze the data. Results: The sample with the male majority of 85% had a mean age of 46.24 ± 11.5 years. As a measure of internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha of the Persian version of the TSQM version II was 0.8. The repeatability of the questionnaire using the test-retest method was calculated at 0.9. The EFA revealed the adequacy of sampling and justifiability of the analysis (Kaiser‑Meyer‑Olkin = 0.82, P = 0.001, χ2 = 1507.02, df = 28). In CFA, the goodness of fit was at an appropriate level. Conclusions: The TSQM Persian version can be used as an effective and consistent tool to assess treatment satisfaction in clinical settings.
Repeated Intentional Swallowing of Foreign Objects by an Adolescent Girl (Case Report)
(Brieflands, 2023-04-09) Parisa Divsalar; Soudabehsadat Hosseini Mousa; Mehdi Hayatbakhsh Abbasi
Introduction: Intentional swallowing of foreign objects is a relatively rare psychopathological behavior. Adolescents and young adults may carry out this act to hurt themselves or even suicide. Often, most reports related to deliberate swallowing are typically either surgical or gastrointestinal and rarely are found in psychiatric articles; more often, the swallowed foreign objects (80 - 90%) are disposed of spontaneously, and 10 - 20% of them require endoscopy for more study and less than 1% of them need surgery to be removed or its complications. Case Presentation: The presented patient is a 17-year-old girl admitted to the psychosomatic ward of Afzalipour Hospital due to intentional poisoning. During the year before her admission, on three separate occasions, she detached the knife blade from its haft and swallowed it. She underwent laparotomy twice, one time for sigmoid tearing and damage to the left Ovary, to remove the knife and regeneration of the left ovary and sigmoid, and another time to remove the knife in order not to cause damage to her intestines. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case in the world in which an ovary has been damaged. Further investigation into her background shows some extent of privation due to her family's long-term economic problems and instability; moreover, sexual and physical abuse was also confirmed. The patient was prescribed clozapine, which decreased her suicidal behavior and attempts noticeably. Conclusions: Swallowing foreign bodies in this patient is interpreted as both self-punishment and punishing others (those who thought they were hurt or may be blamed for their despair or rejection). Intentional swallowing of foreign objects behavior is more resistant than other self-harming activities and may have a worse prognosis. Swallowing foreign objects requires a sophisticated process that, if not correctly managed, may result in serious complications; therefore, appropriate psychiatric counseling and supportive treatment are necessary for these patients. Specific to this patient eliminating the effects of suicide and reaching medical stability with a short admission was necessary. Her suicidal behavior and attempts decreased significantly after starting clozapine treatment. Therefore, clozapine treatment is recommended for patients with suicidal behavior and self-harm.
Family Structure in Association with Alcohol Use Among Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
(Brieflands, 2022-03-31) Zahra Pourmovahed; Seyed Saeed Mazloomy Mahmoodabad; Seyed Mojtaba Yassini Ardekani; Hassan Zareei Mahmoodabadi; Hossein Tavangar; Mojtaba Kaviani; Amin Salehi-Abargouei; Nour-Mohammad Bakhshani; Shahab-Aldin Akbarian
Context: It is proposed that family structure influences adolescent alcohol use; however, the findings are mixed, and no systematic review has been conducted to summarize the evidence. Objectives: We aimed to identify the association between family structures and adolescent alcohol consumption through a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched until June 2017 for observational studies, which examined the relationship between family structure and adolescent alcohol use. A random-effects model was used to derive the overall odds ratio (OR) for the likelihood of alcohol use in different non-intact families compared with intact families (adolescents growing up with both biological parents). DerSimonian and Liard's random-effects model was used to conduct the meta-analysis. All analyses were performed using STATA software, version 11.2. Results: Fifty-seven articles met the eligibility criteria for the systematic review, and 29 were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed a significant increase in alcohol use among adolescents with non-intact families (OR = 1.27, 95% confidence interval: 1.19, 1.36) compared with adolescents with intact families in which both biological parents were present. Living with one biological parent, living in a divorced family, loss of parents, and other types of the non-intact family also significantly increased the odds of alcohol use in adolescents (P < 0.05). Conclusions: All types of the non-intact family were linked to adolescents' alcohol use. The family structure could have an essential role in reducing high-risk behaviors, including alcohol use and its consequences in adolescents.
Gender Differences in the Effect of Resilience Training on Emotional Intelligence in At-Risk Students in Shiraz, Iran
(Brieflands, 2022-06-30) Hassan Joulaei; Faranak Fathi; Tayebeh Rakhshani; Mahin Nazari; Zahra Hosseinkhani; Maryam Fatemi; Zohre Foroozanfar
Background: Adolescence is one of the most important and challenging stages in life. psychological, cognitive and emotional changes during this period can expose adolescents to high risk behaviors. Objectives: The current study examined the effectiveness of resilience training on emotional intelligence (EI) and assessed gender differences in this regard among adolescents living in the outskirts of Shiraz, Iran. Methods: This pre-post study included 191 students and used an intervention consisting of nine resilience-training sessions. The evaluated outcomes were EI and its 15 components. The paired-samples and independent-samples t-tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Out of 191 students, 88 (46.1%) were boys. Before and after the intervention, the mean EI score for boys was 312.52 ± 37.79 and 327.31 ± 37.75, while for girls, it was 310.74 ± 30.05 and 312.20 ± 29.51, respectively. Following the intervention, the scores of boys in problem-solving (P = 0.007), happiness (P = 0.001), emotional self-awareness (P = 0.044), optimism (P = 0.029), self-regard (P = 0.046), impulse control (P = 0.013), and social responsibility (P = 0.042), as well as the total score of EI (P = 0.005), increased significantly. However, only the optimism score (P = 0.004) rose significantly in girls post-intervention. In addition, there were significant differences in the mean of problem-solving (P = 0.006), happiness (P = 0.001), impulse control (P = 0.042), and the total score (P = 0.035) between boys and girls, before and after the intervention. Conclusions: Resilience training may help moderate high-risk behaviors among adolescents living on the outskirts of Iran’s major cities, particularly boys. Based on the gender differences in EI components, it was suggested that female adolescents required significantly more attention. Nonetheless, gender differences in EI components were contentious, and it was concluded that a variety of factors, including the socio-cultural context, may be involved.
Investigating the Reasons for Using Smokeless Tobacco Among Adults: A Qualitative Study Based on the Grounded Theory Approach
(Brieflands, 2022-09-30) Mahnaz Solhi; Fardin Mehrabian; Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari; Esmaeil Fattahi; Hadis Barati; Iraj Zareban; Zahra Sadat Manzari
Background: The use of smokeless tobacco is a public health problem worldwide. The use of these substances can cause various diseases and increase mortality. Objectives: The aim of this qualitative study was to explain the reasons for using smokeless tobacco based on the grounded theory approach. Patients and Methods: We conducted a qualitative study using the grounded theory approach in 2020 - 2021. Participants were adult users of smokeless tobacco in Chabahar city, southeast Iran. The strategy for choosing participants was based on purposeful sampling and continued till theoretical saturation was achieved. Thirty adults who were smokeless tobacco users participated in the interviews voluntarily. We used techniques such as asking questions, constant comparisons, and writing memos to collect data, which were analyzed based on the grounded theory presented by Corbin and Strauss in 2008. Results: Two themes emerged from data analysis (the context of consumption and the need for effective supervision), each of which had several subcategories. The opportunity for consumption was the first main category of the contextual factors frequently mentioned by the participants, whose subcategories included consumption culture, individual and general beliefs, and consumption by family members. Insufficient supervision was the second main category, which included three subcategories, profitable market, insufficient supervision, and easy access. Conclusions: In general, two main themes explain the tendency of adults to consume smokeless tobacco: The context of consumption and the need for effective supervision. Concepts such as the consumer’s culture, individual and public beliefs, family members and friends being users, profitable market, the need for effective supervision, and easy access were the key factors pushing people of different ages toward using smokeless tobacco in Chabahar city.
Pediatric Poisonings Due to Chemical Substances and Related Factors
(Brieflands, 2022-03-31) Noormohammad Noori; Tahereh Boryri; Alireza Teimouri; Sahar Safapour Moghadam
Background: Pediatric poisoning is a serious issue worldwide and a common cause of children's morbidity and mortality. Objectives: This work aimed to study pediatric poisonings due to chemical substances and their related factors. Patents and Methods: A seven-year retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on the poisoning of children equal to or less than 18 years of age who presented to the emergency ward in 2014. Data were analyzed using mean and SD for descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-squared test for inferential statistics. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 20, considering 0.05 as a significant error when statistical tests were used. Results: Among poisoned children, boys were more in total, as well in all age groups except > 10 years. Age (χ2 = 22.494, P = 0.013), intentionally (χ2 = 32.176, P < 0.001) had a significant association with chemical substances. Among the demographic and socioeconomic features, none was associated with the type of chemical substances except age. Among the symptoms, all were associated with chemical poisoning substances except seizures. Of 114 with RDS, about 30.7% were poisoned by kerosene. Of 63 with low BP, 66.7%, 31.7%, and 1.6% were due to medicines, bites, and detergents, respectively, and from six children with high BP, all were due to toxins. Of 79 with low consciousness, 69.6% were due to medicines. Seventy children had fever, of which 55.7% were due to bites. Thirty-two had seizures that 46.9% and 18.8% were due to medicines and kerosene. Ninety-seven had vomiting and nausea, of which 32% and 30.9% were due to medicines and kerosene, respectively. Finally, 159 had low SPO2, of which 47.8%, 13.8%, and 20.1% were due to medicines, toxins, and kerosene, respectively. Conclusions: It was concluded that in poisoned children, boys were more but girls in self-poisoning, especially at older ages. Girls were poisoned more by medicinal and kerosene substances, but boys by bites, toxins, and detergents. All the poisoning symptoms were observed in medicinal substances and bites. Poisoning by kerosene more occurred in the cold months, and detergents and bite poisoning were more frequent in summer. There is a need for further, longer prospective studies to lead to preventing measures.
Psychological Factors Associated With Sexual Dysfunction in Men on Methadone Maintenance Treatment
(Brieflands, 2022-06-30) Nour-Mohammad Bakhshani; Zeinab Karimi; Azizollah Mojahed; Mohammad Javad Lavvaf Arani; Erfan Ayubi
Background: Psychological problems are common among drug users. However, a few studies have investigated the role of psychological factors, including depression, anxiety, and childhood trauma, on sexual dysfunction in MMT patients. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction and the role of psychological factors, including anxiety, depression, and childhood trauma, on the sexual function of patients on MMT. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 MMT patients were selected by convenience sampling among patients referring to Baharan Psychiatric Hospital, Zahedan, Iran. All participants completed self-report questionnaires, including the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15). Statistical analysis was done with Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise linear regression models determined the predictors of sexual function. Results: Seventeen percent of participants reported various degrees of sexual dysfunction. Child sexual abuse and depression were significant predictors of sexual dysfunction. The regression analysis showed that 12% of the variance of sexual dysfunction (R2 = 0.12; F = 6.61; P < 0.002) was predicted by an experience of childhood sexual abuse and depression. Conclusions: People on MMT suffer from psychological problems as the risk factors for sexual dysfunction. Thus, mental health care staff should consider psychological factors to prevent and treat sexual dysfunction.
Cultural Capital and Tobacco-related Health Literacy in Pregnant Women and the Relationship with Fetal Smoke Exposure
(Brieflands, 2022-03-31) Afsaneh Tavassoli; Maliheh Abedi; Sara Modares Gharejedaghi
Background: Tobacco-related health literacy is a skill for pregnant women that leads to a correct understanding of the information needed to maintain the health of the fetuses and themselves against tobacco smoke. Cultural capital is also associated with the capacity and ability to acquire skills. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate pregnant women's cultural capital and tobacco-related health literacy and the relationship with fetal smoke exposure. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited a sample of 500 pregnant women referred to hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The data were gathered using a researcher-made questionnaire. Results: Tobacco-related health literacy was 60.8% more common at the high level. The cultural capital of pregnant women was 81.4% higher in the medium level. Logistic regression showed that cultural capital (OR = 0.47 and B = -0.737) and tobacco-related health literacy (OR = 0.77 and B = -0.0257) reversely affected the fetal tobacco smoke exposure (P < 0.05). As women's tobacco-related health literacy and cultural capital increased, the rate of fetal smoke exposure decreased. Conclusions: According to the results, as pregnant women’s health literacy concerning tobacco smoke and their cultural capital increased, the tobacco smoke exposure of pregnant women and their fetuses decreased.
Memory Complaints in People Living with HIV in Iran
(Brieflands, 2022-03-31) Malihe Sheibani; Nurallah Mohammadi; Hassan Joulaei; Zohre Foroozanfar
Background: Several studies have reported that many people living with HIV (PLHIV) complain of memory impairments. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate these complaints both subjectively and objectively. Patients and Methods: For this purpose, 50 PLHIV and 50 of their companions as the control group were selected by the convenience sampling method in Shiraz, Iran, and completed Ray's auditory-verbal learning test and the Patient’s Assessment of Own Functioning Inventory (PAOFI). The data was analyzed by using t-test. Results: Our findings showed a significant difference between PLHIV and the control group in terms of subjective memory complaints and objective memory functions. Conclusions: The overall result of the study showed that PLHIV reported more subjective memory complaints and poorer objective memory functions than the control group, regardless of the stage of the disease.
Translation of the Extended Addictive Features Section of the Ottawa Self-injury Inventory Version 3.1 in German
(Brieflands, 2022-03-31) Christopher Alan Lewis; Sarah Davis; Dagmar A. S. Corry; Sarah Demmrich
This article does not have an abstract.
Increased Suicide of Iranian Resident Physicians in the COVID-19 Pandemic
(Brieflands, 2022-03-31) Somayeh Nazari; Hamed Ghazvini; Seyedeh Masoumeh Seyedhosseini Tamijani; Raheleh Rafaiee
This article does not have an abstract.
Effects of Adverse Early-Life Experiences on Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Homeless Women
(Brieflands, 2019-09-11) Arezoo Fallahi; Azam Rahmani; Seyed Ali Azin; Nader Molavi; Peter Higgs; Leila Allahqoli
Background: Homeless women are at high risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) due to their adverse early-life experiences. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between adverse early-life experiences and the risk of acquiring STIs among homeless women in Tehran. Patients and Methods: A descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in 2014. The study recruited 241 homeless women through quota sampling from the drop in centers and shelters affiliated to a local welfare organization in Tehran, Iran. Data were obtained using questionnaires on demographics and adverse early-life experiences. Blood and urine samples were tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), syphilis, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Neisseria gonorrhea. Descriptive statistics including frequency were calculated for all variables. To analyze the data at a significance level of 0.05, binary logistic regression was used. Results: The prevalence rates of HIV/AIDS, HSV-2, syphilis, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Neisseria gonorrhea were 8.29%, 23.65%, 14.93%, 11.61%, and 6.63%, respectively. The results of logistic regression showed that the risk of acquiring STIs increases by factors such as sexual abuse (OR = 4.06; 95% CI = 1.21 - 13.6, P = 0.02), running away from home (OR = 4.46; 95% CI = 1.67 - 12.89, P = 0.03), drug use (OR = 3.93; 95% CI = 1.13 - 13.58, P = 0.03), alcohol use (OR = 4.12; 95% CI = 1.38 - 12.24, P = 0.01), imprisonment and criminal records (OR = 2.72; 95% CI = 1.01 - 7.52, P = 0.04), premarital sexual activity (OR = 4.71; 95% CI = 1.06 - 13.84, P = 0.05), divorce (OR = 3.47; 95% CI = 1.06 - 11.32, P = 0.03), Nikah mut’ah (OR = 4.33; 95% CI = 1.39 - 13.49, P = 0.01), having multiple sex partners (OR = 5.2; 95% CI = 1.81 - 14.96, P = 0.02), and having unprotected sexual relationships (OR = 3.69; 95% CI = 1.00 - 13.62, P = 0.05). Conclusions: Homeless women had high rates of adverse early-life experiences and overall 41.49% of them were affected at least by one STI. Future interventions should focus on the reduction of adverse early-life experiences, especially during adolescence, including the promotion of adolescent empowerment, promotion of condom use, and improvement of awareness of STIs.

Browse

Recent Submissions