Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences

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In Collaboration with Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences

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The Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences publishes research papers encompassing various facets of health science research as well as papers that expound upon and assess diverse aspects and determinants of health and healthcare systems. Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences (JJHS) serves as a comprehensive, interdisciplinary forum covering all realms of research in public, environmental, and occupational health. JJHS places its primary emphasis on examining the social determinants of health, environmental, behavioral, and occupational factors influencing health and disease, and the repercussions of health policies, practices, and interventions on communities. In terms of manuscript submissions, we accord high priority to articles that delineate and evaluate diverse aspects and determinants of health and healthcare systems. This encompasses studies pertaining to public health education and promotion, risk assessment, health evaluation, determinants of health, administration of healthcare services, and other topics relevant to public health. Moreover, we welcome submissions from other disciplines that are tangentially related to health and health research.

The topics covered by JJHS encompass, but are not limited to, the following subjects:

Health education and promotion
Public health practice
Epidemiology of diseases
Health-related quality of life
Epidemiologic methods
Social determinants of health
Occupational health
Environment, preventive medicine, and public health
Improving the processes and outcomes of health systems
Control of communicable and non-communicable diseases
Community health practices

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 416

A Model for Enhancing Workforce and Health System Resilience Against Natural and Human Crises
(Brieflands, 2024-10-31) Azade Zamani; Vahid Chenari; Foad Makvandi; Mohammad Tamimi; Mahmood Daniali Deh Huoz
Background: Human resources are the most crucial asset of any organization, and by maintaining and strengthening them, organizational goals can be achieved. In the context of health systems, human resource resilience is primarily focused on the theoretical development of this concept and its various dimensions. Objectives: This study aimed to develop a model to enhance the resilience of human resources within the health system. Methods: This study used a mixed-methods approach, conducted in two stages. In the first stage, a scoping review of relevant literature was carried out across multiple databases (Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar) to identify dimensions and preliminary indicators for the model. A total of 20 studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Studies were included if they met two criteria: (a) the term "resilience" was used in the title, abstract, or keywords, and (b) the main analytical focus was on health systems. In the second stage, the initial model was designed using the fuzzy Delphi technique. The degree of association of each component and factor in the final model was assessed using the fuzzy DEMATEL method for the primary components and the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) technique for secondary components. Finally, the relationships between the indicators were determined based on the effectiveness and influence of the components. Results: Three key dimensions were identified in this study: (1) behavioral dimension (work experience, creativity, work commitment, and job design), (2) motivational dimension (in-service training, lifestyle changes, self-esteem, empathy, interaction with the surrounding environment, and continuous performance evaluation), and (3) empowerment dimension (employee welfare, rewards, job promotion, damage compensation, timely handling of complaints, and job security). Conclusions: To foster and sustain resilience in human resources, it is essential to address behavioral, empowerment, and motivational dimensions within the health sector. Managers should consider the dimensions and indicators proposed in this model to improve workforce resilience.
Comparing Two Training Methods on the Level of Delirium Awareness in Intensive Care Unit Nurses
(Brieflands, 2016-07-01) Parvaneh Asgari; Mohammad Ali Cheraghi; Mahmoud Shiri; Fatemeh Bahramnezhad
Background: Lack of correct diagnosis of delirium and considering it as an iatrogenic disease are the most important reasons for lack of correct detection of delirium by health care team. Appropriate training of the nurses on delirium can play an important role in its early diagnosis and prevention. Objectives: The current study aimed to compare the effects of two training methods on the level of delirium awareness in nurses in the intensive care units (ICUs). Patients and Methods: The present study was a pretest-posttest clinical trial on two groups conducted in the hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2014. The qualified subjects were divided into two groups (n = 35 for each) of workshop training and continuous electronic training by random number tabulation. The four-hour workshop training was applied in two days and training content was uploaded on Tehran University of Medical Sciences website for continuous electronic training. The data were collected by a questionnaire containing demographic characteristics and multiple-choice questions on delirium awareness including delirium definition, epidemiology, causes and risk factors, complications, diagnosis and diagnostic means, prevention and treatment with reliability coefficient of r = 0.85. The data were collected before and after the intervention as self-reporting. After collecting the data, the level of awareness of nurses was analyzed through descriptive and analytical statistics of paired and independent T-tests using SPSS ver. 16. Results: The results showed that 88.1% of the subjects were female. Comparison of mean ± SD showed a significant difference in the electronic training group before and after the intervention (P < 0.002) (before: 5.16 ± 4.6; after: 5.33 ± 5.1). However, there was no significant difference before and after the intervention in the workshop training group (before: 5.16 ± 3.4; after: 5.23 ± 5.1). Comparing the mean ± SD of the results in both groups of workshop and electronic training, there was no significant difference between them before the intervention. However, comparison of mean ± SD of the results after the intervention showed a significant difference between these two groups (P = 0.035). Conclusions: Given the results of the study, it can be concluded that electronic training had a more effective role in training the nurses regarding the awareness of delirium and can be recommended as a helpful training method in retraining courses targeting the nurses.
Incidence of Cancer from 2015 to 2019 in Northwestern of Iran: A Population-Based on Cancer Registry Profile of Maragheh County
(Brieflands, 2024-01-31) Ali Soleimani; Samaneh Adeli
Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death globally and poses a significant obstacle to increasing life expectancy in every country, including Iran, where it is a major health threat. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the cancer situation in Maragheh County, Iran, from 2015 to 2019. Methods: Data from Maragheh County for the years 2015 - 2019 were obtained from the Iranian National Population-Based Cancer Registry and the Statistical Center of Iran. The age-standardized rate (ASR) was calculated using the population model suggested by the WHO, with STATA software for data analysis. Results: During the study period, Maragheh recorded a total of 1,700 cancer cases, with males accounting for 970 (54%) of these cases. The average age of cancer patients was 62.4 ± 22.2 years. The ASR for cancer in females ranged from 101.5 to 165.5 per 100,000 people, and for males, it ranged from 128.3 to 150.3 per 100,000 people. Conclusions: The incidence rate of cancer in Maragheh was slightly different from that in Iran and East Azerbaijan province but remained below the global average. The most common cancers in men were stomach, lung, bladder, colorectal, and prostate cancer, while in women, they were breast, colorectal, stomach, leukemia, and thyroid cancer.
Ivermectin as a Potential Addition to the Limited Anti-COVID-19 Arsenal: A Double-Blinded Clinical Trial
(Brieflands, 2024-04-30) Mehran Varnaseri; Fatemeh Amini; Ramin Jamshididan; Mehrdad Dargahi; Nematollah Gheibi; Sara Abolghasemi; Mohammadreza Dayer; Negar Varnasseri; Khojasteh Hoseinynejad; Sahar Kheradhoosh; Pedram Nazari; Ebrahim Babadi; Seyedeh Maryam Mousavinezhad; Pouya Ebrahimi
Background: Addressing the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remains a significant challenge for healthcare systems globally. Despite the absence of a proven cure, ivermectin has been proposed as a potentially effective agent against it. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of ivermectin compared to a placebo group in non-critically ill confirmed COVID-19 patients. Methods: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 110 patients with moderate-to-severe (non-critical) confirmed COVID-19 infection. The patients were equally divided into two groups, with one group receiving ivermectin tablets (14 mg every 12 hours for three days) and the other group receiving a placebo. The efficacy and safety of ivermectin were assessed in both groups. Results: A total of 110 patients, including 62 (56.4%) men and 48 (43.6%) women, with an average age of 53.36 ± 15.10 years, were enrolled in our double-blind, randomized clinical trial. The baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar. The findings demonstrated that ivermectin significantly reduced the need for Intensive Care Unit admission (32.7% vs. 5.5%; P < 0.001), hospitalization duration (six vs. four days; P < 0.001), and median time to symptom resolution period (P < 0.05) in COVID-19 patients compared to the placebo group, without any serious side effects (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Ivermectin appears to be a potentially effective and safe medication for COVID-19 patients with moderate disease.
Relationship Between Body Image, Marital Offense-Specific Forgiveness, and Marital Happiness in Urban and Rural Married Women Aged 20 - 35
(Brieflands, 2024-04-30) Tayebeh Rakhshani; Leila Ghahremani; Baha Shams Ghasemnejad; Abdolrahim Asadollahi; Ali Khani Jeihooni; Khadijeh Jafarpour
Background: Identifying the main factors that affect body image (BI) is of utmost importance within the realm of marital relationships. In light of this, the present study investigated the relationship between BI, marital offense-specific forgiveness (MOF), and marital happiness (MH) among married women aged 20 - 35, living in urban and rural areas in the city of Jahrom, Fars Province, Iran. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 608 married women aged 20 - 35, residing in urban and rural areas and referring to the comprehensive community health centers in the city of Jahrom, Fars province, Iran, selected by stratified-cluster sampling. For this purpose, the statistical population was divided into two groups, viz., the urban and rural women, and sampling was done in keeping with their population. The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), the Marital Happiness Scale (MHS), and the Marital Offense-Specific Forgiveness Scale (MOFS) were further applied to collect the data, which were then analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 25 software package. Results: Comparing the MHS mean scores showed a statistically significant difference between urban and rural women (P < 0.001). Additionally, a statistically significant difference was observed in the BI mean scores of the study groups, particularly in the appearance evaluation (AE) subscale (P < 0.001). The regression analysis results also demonstrated that MH could affect BI (P < 0.001) Conclusions: The study results revealed that MH and MOF could lead to a positive BI in married women.
Investigating the Functional, Non-structural, and Structural Safety Status in Selected Hospitals in Ahvaz
(Brieflands, 2024-04-30) Shirin Shirzad; ZeinabSadat Nezamodin; Mansour Zahiri
Background: Hospitals are primary centers providing services during unexpected events and should maintain their operational capabilities during and after disasters. Therefore, continuous evaluation of the safety status of these centers is vital. Objectives: This study investigated the functional, non-structural, and structural safety status in selected hospitals in Ahvaz and determined the most significant safety challenges across three dimensions. Methods: This descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted in three hospitals in Ahvaz. The World Health Organization's (WHO) “Hospital Safety Index” checklist was used to collect data across three dimensions: Functional, non-structural, and structural safety. Descriptive statistics, such as mean percentages and frequency distribution tables, were utilized to investigate the quantitative objectives. Results: The safety level of the studied hospitals was estimated at 30.81% in the functional dimension, 59.17% in the non-structural dimension, and 71.69% in the structural dimension. According to the WHO classification, they were categorized in levels C, B, and A, respectively. The overall safety was 52.48% and was placed in category B. In the functional safety dimension, the highest score was related to hospital 2 at 35.24%, and the lowest score was related to hospital 3 at 24.59%. In the non-structural safety dimension, the highest score was related to hospital 3 at 66.66%, and the lowest was related to hospital 1 at 48.55%. In the structural safety dimension, the highest score was related to hospital 2 at 84.61%, and the lowest was to hospital 1 at 50%. Regarding overall safety, hospital 2 obtained the highest score at 57.61%, and hospital 1 obtained the lowest at 43.90%. Conclusions: The results revealed a moderate safety status in the three investigated hospitals. Although the safety status of these hospitals is not critical regarding disaster preparedness, there is a need for better planning and implementation to improve their safety levels.
Application of Nonparametric Quantile Regression for Fitting Height-for-age Curves
(Brieflands, 2014-01-09) Abolfazl Payandeh; Mohammad Taghi Shakeri; Mohammad Safarian; Hamed Tabesh
Reference curves are useful tools to monitor childrens growth status and can promote growth velocity in infants. In this regard, various parametric and semi-parametric methods are frequently used in the last decades. In the present paper, nonparametric quintile regression method is used as a powerful and applicable methodology to estimate height curves and normal values of height-for-age in children aged 0 to 5 years. The results of this study are compared with World Health Organization (WHO) references and semi-parametric LMS method of Cole and Green. : As part of a national survey, 70,737 apparently healthy boys and girls aged 0 to 5 years were recruited in July 2004 for 20 days from among those referring to the community clinics for routine health check-ups. Anthropometric measurements were conducted by trained health staff using WHO methodology. To estimate curves and normal values, we applied the nonparametric quintile regression method obtained by local constant kernel estimation of conditional quintile curves. : Studying a population of boys and girls aged 0 to 5 years living in the northeast of Iran, the weight-for-age growth curves were derived. The results were consistent to those obtained by a semi-parametric LMS method with the same data. The median values of the childrens weight in all the age groups were lower than the corresponding values in WHO reference data. The weight curves of boys were higher than those of girls in all age groups. : The differences between growth patterns of children living in the northeast of Iran versus the international ones are considerable which necessitate applying local and regional growth charts. International normal values may not properly recognize the populations at risk for growth problems in the Iranian children. Quintile regression (QR) which does not require restricted assumptions is a flexible method, which is proposed for estimating reference curves and normal values.
Occupational Exposure of Train Drivers to Static and Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields in Tehran Subway
(Brieflands, 2017-10-31) Hamed Jalilian; Kamran Najafi; Mohammad Reza Monazzam; Yahya Khosravi; Jamshid Jamali
Background: Electrification of transport systems currently deserves top priority in Iran. Such systems generate a magnetic field in static or extremely low frequency ranges. Therefore, train drivers may be exposed to these fields occupationally. Objectives: The current study aimed to measure the intensity of static magnetic field (SMF) and extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) in the subway trains of Tehran City in different train types and situations to show drivers’ exposure to SMF and ELF-MF. Methods: Two AC and DC trains were randomly selected from lines 1 and 2, one AC train from line 4, and two ACi trains from line 5. The SMF and ELF-MF levels were measured based on BS EN 50500:2008 and recommendations in other studies using TES-1394 (ELF-MF meter) and HI-3550 (SMF meter). Ceiling values of ELF-MF and SMF were used for assessment of train driver’s exposure. One-way ANOVA, with Tukey post hoc test, and independent sample T-test were used for data analysis. Results: Maximum SMF and ELF-MF exposures were 0.52 mT (at DC trains- in trip situation) and 7.90 µT (at ACi trains- in trip situation), respectively, and the minimum exposures to SMF and ELF-MF were measured among the drivers of ACi (< 0.1 mT- in all situations) and AC trains (0.08 µT- in acceleration situation), respectively. Conclusions: As the obtained results suggest, in none of the situations, exposure of train drivers to ELF-MF and SMF exceeded the threshold limits recommended by ACGIH. However, the effects of these fields should not be ignored because different studies have reported adverse health consequences of these fields.
A Comparison of Mental Health in Hearing-impaired Elderly with Hearing Aid and without Hearing Aid
(Brieflands, 2014-01-09) Pardis Allivand; Mansour Zahiri; Roya Ghasemzadeh; Seyed Mahmood Latifi; Keyhan Fathi
Hearing loss can affect physical, mental and social health of deaf adults and lead cause depression, anxiety, isolation, suspicion and stress. This study was aimed to compare mental health in the hearing-impaired elderly with hearing aid and hearing-impaired elderly without hearing aids referring to Ahvaz Imam Khomeini Hospital. : In this cross- sectional study, the participants included 72 hearing-impaired elderly elderly aged 60 years or older who referred to Ahvaz Imam Khomeini Hospital, 36 of which were with hearing aids and 36 without. Each group consisted of 18 women and 18 men. Data collecting tool included Goldberg General Health Questionnaire28 (GHQ-28). GHQ-28 included general health and four subscales of anxiety, depression, physical symptoms and social dysfunction. The independent t-test was used for analyzing the data. : The mean mental health scores in hearing-impaired elderly without hearing aids and with hearing aid were as 48.13 (57.2%) and 35.66 (42.4%), respectively. Comparing the two groups means through t-test, it was concluded that differences between them is statistically significant (p=0.001). The mental health mean score between men and women in the two groups was significant p?0. 049. In addition, the difference in the mean mental health subscales between the two groups was significant. Thus the hearing-impaired elderly without hearing aids compared to those with hearing aid are more likely to experience depression, anxiety, physical symptoms and social dysfunctions (p?0. 003). : The results suggest that the hearing-impaired elderly with hearing aid compared to those without hearing aid have more mental health score.
Empirical Study of Noise Characteristics of Typical Centrifugal Fan Based on Special Quantities Using Sound Intensity Based Method
(Brieflands, 2014-04-08) Mohsen Aliabadi
In order to identify best treatments at noisy sources, experts must employ special noise quantities. Sound pressure close to sources is usually dependent upon the environments; therefore it is not suitable for determining noise emission of sources. This paper aims to empirically study noise emission characteristics of a typical centrifugal fan located in different layouts based on special quantities using sound intensity based method. : In situ determination of noise emission of the fan included sound power, sound intensity and sound pressure was performed using BSWA VA-Lab software according to standard methods in different locations. : The results showed that sound power spectrum of the fan are relatively high and contains predominant diceret tone in 250 Hz equal to 83.5 dB. The sound powers of the fan were similar in different locations. However, notable difference exists in the sound intensities of thefan in different layouts which are near to the values calculated by theorical equation. In order to determine the optimum locations for studied centrifugal fan, sound intensity could also accurately describe the effects of adjacent surfaces on the centrifugal fan noise than sound pressure. : This study empirically showed that sound power of fan is independent of the environments and can help us evaluate noise controls at fan elements. The results confirmed that the sound power and the intensity were excellent quantities for characterizing noisy sources as centrifugal fan compared with the sound pressure. These results presented details of a scientific approach for analyzing noise in workrooms.
The Effects of Physical Activity Training on Occupational Burnout of Employees in the Iranian city of AghGhala in 2012
(Brieflands, 2014-01-31) Ali Vafaee Najar; Mohammad Vahedian; Hossein Ebrahimipour; Mitra Dogonchi; Naser Shafiei; Habibollah Esmaily
Occupational burnout leads to a negative self-concept, and negative attitude toward the job. The role of physical activity in physical and mental health of community has been recognized as an integral component. This paper aims to determine the effect of physical activity training on occupational burnout.
Does Near Miss Compromise Sexual Function in Reproductive-Aged Women? A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in Ahvaz, Iran
(Brieflands, 2024-04-30) Shohreh Dashtpayma; Poorandokht Afshari; Parvin Abedi
Background: Maternal near miss (MNM) is defined as any life-threatening event during pregnancy, delivery, or within six weeks after the termination of pregnancy. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess sexual function in women with (n = 140) and without MNM (n = 246). Methods: Eligible participants were women with MNM and basic literacy who had given birth at least 8 - 12 weeks prior to the study. Participants were recruited from Imam Khomeini and Taleghani hospitals, while women without MNM were recruited from two public health centers in Ahvaz. Data collection commenced in December 2020 and concluded in March 2021. A demographic questionnaire and the Female Sexual Function Index were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, chi-square tests, and multiple linear regression. Results: The predominant mode of delivery among MNM women was cesarean section (70%, P < 0.05). The most common causes of MNM were preeclampsia (41.43%) and placenta accreta (24.29%), followed by hypertension and diabetes (17.86%). Women without MNM reported significantly higher scores in sexual satisfaction (β = 0.355, 95% CI: 0.019, 0.690, P = 0.035), lubrication (β = 0.707, 95% CI: 0.435, 0.980, P < 0.0001), sexual arousal (β = 0.394, 95% CI: 0.116, 0.522, P = 0.007), sexual desire (β = 0.319, 95% CI: 0.116, 0.522, p = 0.002), and total sexual function score (β = 1.768, 95% CI: 0.306, 3.230, P = 0.018). Women who had undergone cesarean section reported lower scores in sexual satisfaction (β = -0.646, 95% CI: -0.983, -0.309, P < 0.0001), orgasm (β = -0.620, 95% CI: -0.965, -0.275, P < 0.0001), sexual arousal (β = -0.473, 95% CI: 0.159, 0.439, P = 0.001), and total sexual function score (β = -3.181, 95% CI: -4.655, -1.707, P < 0.0001). Older women scored significantly lower in all components of sexual function except for pain. Conclusions: The study results indicated that all components of sexual function, except pain, were lower in women with MNM. A significantly higher number of women who had undergone cesarean section experienced MNM and sexual dysfunction. Health policymakers should focus not only on the causes of MNM, particularly cesarean sections, but also on assessing the sexual function of women affected by MNM.
Balance Changes Following a Controlled Whole-Body Vibration Training: A Pilot Analysis Addressing Balance Control in Adult Women with Obesity
(Brieflands, 2024-04-30) Manijeh Soleimanifar; Masoumeh Abedi; Mostafa Sarabzadeh; Afsaneh Dadarkhah; Zahra Sadat Asadi
Background: The prevalence of obesity among older individuals has significantly increased in recent years, potentially doubling the risk of postural imbalance and falls. Controlled whole-body vibration (CWBV) training is considered an alternative/complementary therapy for fall prevention, but its mechanisms still require further investigation. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of CWBV on balance and fall risk among older adult women with obesity. Methods: Fifteen adult women over the age of 60 (mean age 68.55 ± 4.86, BMI: 30.57 ± 2.97) participated in this quasi-experimental study. They underwent CWBV training three times weekly for six weeks. Gait stability and balance were assessed using a gait analysis system before and after the intervention. Results: The results indicated a significant decrease in both static and dynamic balance parameters, except for the variability of velocity index (P = 0.9) and fear of falling (FES-I score, P = 0.56), after the intervention. Conclusions: Controlled whole-body vibration training appears to be an effective method for improving static and dynamic balance parameters in older adult women. However, further research is necessary to explore different dosages and protocols of vibration training, incorporating more challenging/specialized proprioceptive exercises to potentially improve the fear of falling in this population.
The Effect of De-Stress Training Program on the Stress of Mothers With Slow Paced Children
(Brieflands, 2016-07-01) Leila Charmforoush Jalali; Saeed Hasanzadeh; Mehdi Davaee; Gholamali Afrooz
Background: Handicap is a critical factor with significant effects on family. Stress is the main result of such effects on parents. As a classical procedure, mothers have the major caregiving role to the child; therefore, they experience more stress than other members. Then, development program for stress management is essential. Objectives: The current study aimed to develop and assess a de-stress training program on decreasing the stress of mothers with mentally retarded children. Materials and Methods: The current study was a semi-experimental research with Follow-up. Study subjects included 20 mothers with slow paced children connected to a non-governmental organization (NGO) of show paced children in Tehran, Iran. Mothers were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (10 cases in each group). All mothers responded to the parental stress scale used to measure mothers’ stress. Experimental group received de-stress training program for 13 sessions. Post-test was administered in session fourteenth and after one month the results were followed-up. Data were analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance (P < 0.01). Results: Data presented a significant difference between the control and experiment groups. Also, results did not show a significant difference between the post-test and follow up. It means that the effect of training was persistent. Conclusions: De-stress training program significantly decreased the stress of mothers with show paced children, and the training effect was persistent.
Dust Storms; The Case of Children’s Health and School Attendance
(Brieflands, 2019-04-30) Leila Ebrahimi Ghavam Abadi; Abbas Mohammadi; Behzad Fouladi Dehaghi
Background: Dust storms affect a wide range of arid or semi-arid countries every year and thus impose a threatening health risk to the affected people whether young or old. Children are regarded as a high-risk group in public health concerns. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between occurrence of dust storms on schoolchildren’s health and school absenteeism. Methods: The study was performed from October 2016 to June 2017 in Ahvaz. Fifty primary schools with 4200 pupils in total participated in the study. Data was collected by a questionnaire. Results: The highest number of absenteeism happened after the first dust storm with 885 absent students from a total of 3486 (25.36%), with mostly one day absence duration. The difference between absenteeism rates of boys and girls in different schools was evaluated. The results showed a significant difference between boys and girls in both kinds of schools and amounts of absence days. Conclusions: It can be concluded that dust storms and exposure to high levels of particulate matter can increase the frequency of respiratory symptoms and illnesses in schoolchildren and consequently more children cannot attend school.
Effects of Eight-Week High-Intensity Interval Training on Aerobic Performance, Lipid Profile, and Hematological Indices in Overweight Adolescents
(Brieflands, 2021-04-30) Jahangir Sadeghi; Amirabbas Monazzami; Abdolhossein Taheri Kalani
Background: Research on the effects of interval training on lipid profile and hematological indices is limited. Objectives: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on aerobic performance, body composition, lipid profile, and hematological indices in overweight adolescents. Methods: Thirty overweight boys (13 - 16 years) participated in this study and were randomly divided into three groups, including the control (n = 10), HIIT (n = 10), and MICT (n = 10) groups. HIIT training (4 × 4-minute) was performed with an intensity of 95 - 85% of maximum heart rate, and MICT training (35-minute) was performed with an intensity of 70 - 60% of maximum heart rate, three sessions per week for eight weeks. Beep test and ELISA technique were used to measure aerobic performance, lipid profile, and hematological indices, respectively. The two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to determine the differences with a confidence interval of 95% (α = 0.05). Results: The results showed that except for the variables of glucose, triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), all other variables in the HIIT group had a significant change compared to the pre-test (P < 0.05). Also, the results showed that there was a significant difference between the HIIT and control groups in fat percentage, VO2Max, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), iron, and hemoglobin value (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that HIIT training can be as effective as continuous strategy training to reduce the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease in overweight adolescents.
Investigation of indoor air quality index in the central building of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of medical sciences
(Brieflands, 2011-12-21) Somayyeh Tajdinan; Masoud Rafiee; Hamed Tabesh
Indoor air quality is a general concept that specifies to air quality of buildings and is related to health and relaxation in there. This index contains removal of all contaminants for example microbial, gas types, particles, etc., and suggests remedial approaches toward refreshing the building air and air circulation in these constructions. In this article we study Indoor Air Quality index (IAQ) in the central building of Ahvaz Jundishapur University. : In this descriptive study 74 of personnel of central building were selected as the target group. This study was done in the shape of interview and questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of duration of cigarette abuse, respiration signs, etc. : In this qualitative research dissatisfaction of indoor air quality, physiological signs such as eye irritation, chest pressure, etc., absence because of these signs, and going to the doctor's office were asked which in general 73% of personnel were dissatisfied and 27% were not. : Indoor air quality in the central building has its special problems for instance; unsuitable ventilation, etc. that induces a set of physiological signs in personnel, which has caused the presence of some people to become hard in this building.
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of an Instrument to Identify Facilitators and Barriers to Practicing COVID-19 Preventive Measures
(Brieflands, 2022-07-31) Shoaib Dehghani; Arash Pooladi; Bijan Nouri; Sina Valiee
Background: There has been no validated instrument to identify barriers and facilitators to practicing preventive COVID-19 measures. Objectives: The present study aimed to develop and evaluate an instrument to identify facilitators and barriers to practicing COVID-19 preventive measures. Methods: The present study was conducted in two phases from September 2020 to December 2021. In the first phase, the researchers interviewed 20 residents of Sanandaj city, Iran, recruited using the purposive sampling method. Thematic analysis was done to elicit the initial codes from the interview scripts; then, themes were generated to develop the questions. In the second phase, psychometric properties of the test, including face validity, content validity, construct validity, and internal consistency, were investigated among 100 people using an online questionnaire. Afterward, the face, content, and construct validity were investigated through exploratory factor analysis. The entry criterion included people living in Sanandaj city, and the exit criterion was unwillingness to continue cooperation. Results: Participants included nine women and 11 men, with an average age of 28.95 years. After finishing the first phase of the study, 24 statements were generated. They were expanded into 31 statements after reviewing the related literature. The statements were categorized into three classes: adherence to practice, barriers, and facilitators. The results revealed five factors for adherence to practice, two factors for facilitators, and two factors for barriers. The instrument's reliability was reported at 0.91, calculated using Cronbach's alpha. Conclusions: The developed instrument might help investigate barriers and facilitators to practicing COVID-19 preventive measures. The findings may result in developing more effective strategies to promote practicing COVID-19 preventive measures.
A System Dynamics Model to Analyze Nitrate and Ammonia in Reservoirs and Lakes
(Brieflands, 2016-07-01) Mohammad Reza Samaei; Hoshang Maleknia; Zahra Elhamiyan; Siavash Isazadeh
Background: This paper developed a system dynamics model to stimulate nitrate and ammonia in reservoirs. Most algae and plants in surface water use ammonia and nitrate as nitrogen sources. The role of these nutrients is evident on algae and also cyanobacterial growth. Nowadays, computer tools, especially mathematical modeling, are often used to manage these chemicals in water bodies. Objectives: The current study aimed to introduce a suitable system dynamics model to analyze nitrate and ammonia in reservoirs. Materials and Methods: The current paper developed a process model. First, a sketch of nitrate and ammonia storage, their specifications and parameters were set out and created on a page, and then, mathematical relations of each process were set up and entered into a VensimTM page. Finally, the model was calibrated and verified using data obtained from the Karkheh Reservoir. Results: After making a model and performing its initial test, it was calibrated according to 1991 data of Long Lake Reservoir in the United States and calibration coefficients were obtained. Finally the model was validated using a total of 2000 pieces of data from the reservoir. The results indicated that the output of the model for the layer beneath had better accordance with the measured values, in comparison with the outer layer, which could be due to higher modification in outer layer. Conclusions: The results indicated that the model, compared with other models, was user-friendly and the desired results were obtained by a minimal data.
Knowledge and Practice of Iranian Dentists Regarding Post Space Preparation and Coronal Reconstruction of Endodontically Treated Teeth
(Brieflands, 2024-10-31) Elahe Kebriyaei; Shiva Mahboubi
Background: Due to severe coronal destruction in endodontically treated teeth (ETT), the canal space is often utilized to provide retention for the core material. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge level and practices of Iranian dentists regarding post space preparation and coronal reconstruction of ETT. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 117 dentists at Kurdistan province in 2021. Data were collected using a two-part questionnaire. The first part included 6 questions regarding the demographic information of the participants. The second part comprised 10 questions regarding the methods of post space preparation and coronal reconstruction of ETT. SPSS-20 software was used to analyze the data, calculating frequency (%), mean, and standard deviation. Results: 44.4% of the participants used amalgam along with a prefabricated post, 59% correctly identified the definition of the ferrule effect, and 87.2% believed that the ferrule effect increases fracture resistance. Additionally, 39.3% reported preparing the post space immediately after obturation; 91.5% used rotary instruments for removing root filling material, 93.2% reported cleaning the post space prior to cementation of the intracanal post, and 35.9% used saline for this purpose. Moreover, 72.9% believed that teeth with post and core necessarily require a prosthetic crown, and 94% used full-coverage crowns for ETT. Coronal fracture was reported by 62.4% as the most common cause of failure of ETT. Conclusions: The knowledge level of dental clinicians regarding post space preparation and coronal reconstruction of ETT was moderate, while their practice level was poor. The most common variables that had a significant relationship were age and academic degree.

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