Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences

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In Collaboration with Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences

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The Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences publishes research papers encompassing various facets of health science research as well as papers that expound upon and assess diverse aspects and determinants of health and healthcare systems. Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences (JJHS) serves as a comprehensive, interdisciplinary forum covering all realms of research in public, environmental, and occupational health. JJHS places its primary emphasis on examining the social determinants of health, environmental, behavioral, and occupational factors influencing health and disease, and the repercussions of health policies, practices, and interventions on communities. In terms of manuscript submissions, we accord high priority to articles that delineate and evaluate diverse aspects and determinants of health and healthcare systems. This encompasses studies pertaining to public health education and promotion, risk assessment, health evaluation, determinants of health, administration of healthcare services, and other topics relevant to public health. Moreover, we welcome submissions from other disciplines that are tangentially related to health and health research.

The topics covered by JJHS encompass, but are not limited to, the following subjects:

Health education and promotion
Public health practice
Epidemiology of diseases
Health-related quality of life
Epidemiologic methods
Social determinants of health
Occupational health
Environment, preventive medicine, and public health
Improving the processes and outcomes of health systems
Control of communicable and non-communicable diseases
Community health practices

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The Concept of COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors from Iranian Men’s Perspective: A Qualitative Study
(Brieflands, 2025-01-31) Zahra Sadat Asadi; Afsaneh Karami Juani; Mohammad Hassan Kazemi-Galougahi; Amirreza Abouee-Mehrizi
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has directly and indirectly affected people in different countries. Recognizing individual and social patterns of behavior among communities is very effective in designing and implementing prevention models. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify individual and social preventive behaviors associated with COVID-19 in Iranian men in 2022. Methods: Data were collected using in-depth unstructured interviews with 15 Iranian men in 2022. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. The qualitative data were analyzed using directed content analysis. Results: In total, 939 primary codes were extracted from the interviews upon analysis. Overall, 5 themes, 13 categories, and 38 sub-categories were obtained after analyzing the collected codes. The themes included emotional perception of COVID-19, COVID-19 awareness, perceived barriers to COVID-19 prevention, perceived social measures for COVID-19 prevention, and individual actions taken to prevent COVID-19. Categories included negative feelings toward COVID-19, no worries about COVID-19, nature of the disease, disease recovery, disease symptoms, routes of transmission, diagnostic methods, individual barriers to COVID-19 prevention, social barriers to COVID-19 prevention, improving social skills and behaviors, revising the rules and reforming infrastructure, using personal protective equipment, and prevention by following healthcare programs. Conclusions: Certain recommendations and challenges for COVID-19 prevention were reported by Iranian men. Some of the barriers to COVID-19 prevention were related to social behaviors, and others were related to managerial policies and infrastructure reform. Understanding People’s experiences and opinions about COVID-19 can provide potential benefits for preventing this disease.
Role of System Resilience in Dealing with Threats Using an Entropy-Based TOPSIS Approach: A Case Study in an Oil Products Distribution Company
(Brieflands, 2025-01-31) Gholamabbas Shirali; Behnoosh Jafari; Vahid Salehi; Seyvan Sobhani
Objectives: The current study aimed at assessing the ability of system resilience against threats using an integrated method based on entropy and technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) in an oil company. Methods: The threats were identified through field observation, literature review, and expert opinion in the industry. Afterward, the required data were gathered, and the resilience status was examined using three structured questionnaires for each category of the threats. The weights of resilience criteria computed for each group of the threats using entropy, and were then ranked through the TOPSIS method. Results: Learning (0.34) and anticipating (0.15) had the highest and lowest impacts on the category of regular threats, respectively. In the case of irregular threats, anticipating (0.31) and monitoring (0.21) had the highest and lowest impacts, respectively. As for unexampled threats, learning and Anticipating (0.26) had the highest impact, and responding (0.23) had the lowest impact. The results of TOPSIS analysis indicated that regular threats, irregular threats, and unexampled threats were ranked in the first, second, and third positions with scores of 0.52, 0.48, and 0.46, respectively. Conclusions: To ameliorate resilience in complicated systems, managers should strengthen RE-related indicators along with working on the indicators which are in poor condition. The findings of this study can be used by managers and decision-makers to identify system weaknesses and improve comprehensive technical and applied plans.
Renal Denervation; A Promising Alternative for Medications to Ameliorate the Physical and Mental Burden of Hypertension, A Narrative Review
(Brieflands, 2025-01-31) Pedram Ramezani; Majid Amiri; Amin Bagheri; Fatemeh Naderi
Hypertension is the most significant modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is associated with substantial negative effects on both individual and societal levels. Renal denervation (RDN) has been established as a safe and effective medical intervention for treating resistant hypertension, with approval from the Food and Drug Administration and endorsement by guidelines such as those of the European Society of Cardiology (2023) and the American Heart Association. However, with the advent of various types of RDN methods, including radiofrequency-, ultrasound-, and alcohol-based techniques, debates have intensified regarding their comparative efficacy and safety. Additionally, researchers have expanded their focus to consider outcomes beyond hypertension management. Most studies have demonstrated that this non-pharmacologic treatment significantly improves systolic and diastolic 24-hour ambulatory and office blood pressure in both the short- and long-term. Despite these findings, the social and psychological impacts of RDN on a broader scale have been less frequently discussed. Given the high burden of hypertension and its complications, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, this intervention could substantially enhance the quality of life and mental health of affected populations. Non-adherence to antihypertensive medications remains a critical challenge, driven by factors such as side effects, pregnancy, financial constraints, psychiatric disorders, and polypharmacy with its associated consequences. Renal denervation, by improving blood pressure control, offers the potential to enhance quality of life and reduce the incidence of severe physical and mental health conditions. This study provides a comprehensive perspective on this advanced treatment, emphasizing its impact on individual and societal well-being, physical health, and mental health.
Internationalization of Medical Universities; Advantages and Disadvantages and the Need for Internationalization of Curriculum
(Brieflands, 2025-01-31) Aylin Ghasempour; Sana Veisi; Fatemeh Entezari; Bahar Moasses Ghafari; Parsa Hasanabadi
This article does not have an abstract.
Comparing Two Training Methods on the Level of Delirium Awareness in Intensive Care Unit Nurses
(Brieflands, 2016-07-01) Parvaneh Asgari; Mohammad Ali Cheraghi; Mahmoud Shiri; Fatemeh Bahramnezhad
Background: Lack of correct diagnosis of delirium and considering it as an iatrogenic disease are the most important reasons for lack of correct detection of delirium by health care team. Appropriate training of the nurses on delirium can play an important role in its early diagnosis and prevention. Objectives: The current study aimed to compare the effects of two training methods on the level of delirium awareness in nurses in the intensive care units (ICUs). Patients and Methods: The present study was a pretest-posttest clinical trial on two groups conducted in the hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2014. The qualified subjects were divided into two groups (n = 35 for each) of workshop training and continuous electronic training by random number tabulation. The four-hour workshop training was applied in two days and training content was uploaded on Tehran University of Medical Sciences website for continuous electronic training. The data were collected by a questionnaire containing demographic characteristics and multiple-choice questions on delirium awareness including delirium definition, epidemiology, causes and risk factors, complications, diagnosis and diagnostic means, prevention and treatment with reliability coefficient of r = 0.85. The data were collected before and after the intervention as self-reporting. After collecting the data, the level of awareness of nurses was analyzed through descriptive and analytical statistics of paired and independent T-tests using SPSS ver. 16. Results: The results showed that 88.1% of the subjects were female. Comparison of mean ± SD showed a significant difference in the electronic training group before and after the intervention (P < 0.002) (before: 5.16 ± 4.6; after: 5.33 ± 5.1). However, there was no significant difference before and after the intervention in the workshop training group (before: 5.16 ± 3.4; after: 5.23 ± 5.1). Comparing the mean ± SD of the results in both groups of workshop and electronic training, there was no significant difference between them before the intervention. However, comparison of mean ± SD of the results after the intervention showed a significant difference between these two groups (P = 0.035). Conclusions: Given the results of the study, it can be concluded that electronic training had a more effective role in training the nurses regarding the awareness of delirium and can be recommended as a helpful training method in retraining courses targeting the nurses.
Spatial Distribution of Health Services in Iranian Provinces at the End of the Fifth Development Plan; 2015 (Based on Health Structural Indicators)
(Brieflands, 2018-07-31) Abdolmajid Ahangari; Ahmad Dehghani Ahmadabad
Background: Human capital is one of the key factors in sustainable development, and health is an important part of human capital. According to this, a major goal of the Fifth and Sixth Development Plans in Iran was the establishment of regional equilibrium and justice as well as reduction of inequality in health indicators. Objectives: This research aimed at ranking and comparing Iranian provinces in terms of the level of development of health indicators and the utilization of resources in the final year of the Fifth Plan (2015). Methods: Following the objectives of the research and based on 17 indicators, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method was applied to calculate and compare provincial development level in health indicators during year 2015. Besides, the Moran test was used to examine the impact of development of health indicators in a province on neighboring provinces’ indicators. Results: In the final year of the Fifth Plan (2015), among thirty-one provinces studied, Semnan and Khuzestan had the highest and the lowest levels of healthcare development in the country, respectively. In this area, the five provinces of Semnan, Markazi, Yazd, and Southern Khorasan were respectively the most benefited while Qom, Kerman, Sistan and Baluchestan, Alborz, and Khuzestan were the most deprived provinces of the country. Also, an inverse relationship was found between greater concentration of resources in a region and less resources and benefits in neighboring areas. Conclusions: The ranking and comparison of the level of development of health indicators in provinces at the end of the Fifth Program indicated that healthcare resources and facilities were distributed unequally. If the distribution pattern is not improved, greater concentration of facilities in more beneficial areas will lead to further weakening of neighboring areas. According to the results, Qom, Kerman, Sistan and Baluchestan, Alborz, and Khuzestan provinces had less access. Therefore, due attention is needed by policy-making on these indicators. The type of indicators showed that the environmental conditions in Khuzestan, especially the problem of microorganisms in the air, have generated reluctance among physicians to work in these areas. Therefore, in addition to reviewing resource allocation as revealed by the indicators, it is necessary to use incentive levers to compensate for these problems.
Survey on the adaptation rate of Ahwaz Jundishapour university of medical sciences with elements of learning organization in view of its faculty members
(Brieflands, 2010-03-20) Amin Torabi; Mehdi Birjandi; Hadis Yosofvand
Learning organization is a new phenomenon that have been considering since 90s.These organizations have been developed because of existing a suitable background. This background was included circumstances, theories and changes in the organizational environment which have taken place before 90s. In this study, views of faculties in Ahwaz Jundishapour University of medical sciences (AJUMS) were evaluated regarding to the adaptation rate of the university with learning organization elements (LOEs). : This survey is a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study. Research population included 448 faculty members. Total, 80 of faculty members were selected to participate in the study based on sample size formula and by stratification and randomized sampling method. Each school was a stratum. Data was gathered by a Ministry of health questionnaire that was valid and reliable. Questionnaire was based on the five comprehensive elements of learning organization including: organizational culture, management and leadership, human resources, structure and information technology and communication.Data was analyzed by statistical tests include: chi squared and correlation coefficient in SPSS11.5 software. : The Results of this study indicate that the adaptation rate of AJUMS with LOEs was evalutated moderate in the terms of human resource management , management and leadership,structure position and organizational culture and weak in the case of information technology and communication by the faculty members. Based on the results, generally, the adaptation rate of AJUMS with LOEs was evalutated strong,moderate and weak by 5%,16.3% and 78.8% of the faculty members,respectively. According to the statistical test result there was was a significant correalation between sex, scientific field work and job situation of faculty members regarding to the adaptation rate AJUMS with LOEs AJUMS (P : Adaptation rate of AJUMS with LOEs was estimated moderate in all of the elements except the information technology and communication element which was estimated weak by the faculty members. Therefore the AJUMS must apply, support and developed all of the LOEs to catch all of its organizational and social goals.
Human Impact on Natural Zooprophylaxis or Disease Prevention by Nature
(Brieflands, 2022-10-31) Rouhullah Dehghani; Behrooz Fathi
This article does not have an abstract.
The Epidemiological Study of Brucellosis Patients Referred to the Laboratories and Health Centers in Andimeshk Township (2005-2006)
(Brieflands, 2009-12-21) Khodabakhsh Karami; Navid Saeidi Kia; Fereydoun Kazemi
The incidence of brucellosis has been increased in recent years. This imposes many economical and health related problems among rural and tribe people. Khuzestan province is in low infected range of Iran provinces. We reviewed the epidemiological, clinical and demographical specialty of patient referred to health centers and laboratories of Andimeshk Township in year 2006. : Medical records of 50 patient with clinical and laboratory and 144 individuals referred to Health centers evaluated. 194 patients suffering from brucellosis diagnosed by serologic tests (Wright, Coombs Wright, 2me) were studied. : From 194 brucellosis patients %95 was with Wright Titer equal or more than 1.160. The sex ratio of patients was 5 men to 6 women. %70 of patients was less than 40 years. The infection was significantly more prevalent amongst householders (%39.7) animal husbandries (%17.5) students (%16.5) and farmers (%9). In seasonal viewpoint most referrals were in summer, spring, winter and then autumn respectively. %37 of patients was city dwellers and %63 were rural and tribes. The incidence of brucellosis in tribe areas was about 6 times to rural, while the rural was 4 times to urban areas. : Brucellosis infection is significantly raised in rural and tribal areas of Andimeshk Township so should be more considered. For the control of human brucellosis the in force and present preventing and control program, should revised based on geographical pathology of Andimeshk Township.
Control of Silt Density Index of Osmosis Membranes Through Chlorine Injection and Its Effect on Cartridge Filter Replacement Period
(Brieflands, 2019-01-31) Seyed Mohammad Hossein Fayaz; Roya Mafigholami; Fatemeh Razavian; Karim Ghasemipanah
Background: Various suspended organic and inorganic contaminants including biological deposits, different types of algae and barnacles and causative factors of water turbidity result in irreparable damages to pretreatment systems and membranes in reverse osmosis systems. Objectives: In this study, the effect of injection of disinfectant materials such as calcium hypochlorite on the reduction of silt density index (SDI) value at the inlet of reverse osmosis system has been investigated. Methods: In this research, correlations between fundamental parameters in pretreatment system such as turbidity, chlorine injection, residual chlorine content and SDI values were thoroughly analyzed and evaluated at one of the desalination plants located in Persian Gulf. Results: The results indicated that there is a close link between the amount of chlorine injection and SDI inlet value. By adjusting the nephelometric turbidity unit values in specific ranges of 35 - 55, 55 - 80 and 80 - 150 and oxidation reduction potential in the ranges of 280 - 680, 315 - 680 and 420 - 680 mV, favorable SDI value of inlet water was obtained. Conclusions: SDI control via chlorine injection increased the lifetime of cartridge filters at reverse osmosis input units and reduced the operation costs significantly.
Investigation on the concentration of the total suspended particles and heavy metals in Ahvaz ambient air compared with permissible levels
(Brieflands, 2011-12-31) Seyyed Ali akbar Jafary Mosavy; Zahra Sheykhi; Mohammad Sadegh Sekhavtjou; Afshin Takdastan
Air pollution in industrial and urban areas is one of the most important problems of environment which endangers humans' health; an example of these pollutants is the suspended particles in the air that with the increase of 10 in the air, the rate of mortality increases by 1 to 3 precent.
The Effect of Air Velocity on the Prevention of Heat Stress in Iranian Veiled Females
(Brieflands, 2017-01-01) Peymaneh Habibi; Azam Amanallahi; Fatemeh Islami; Fahimeh Naimzadeh; Habiboallah Dehghan
Background: Some environmental factors such as the ambient temperature, radiant temperature, humidity and air velocity as well as clothing and activity level are effective to induce heat strain on the workers. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of air velocity on Iranian veiled females at various exercise intensities and climatic conditions. Methods: The current experimental study was conducted on 51 healthy veiled females with Islamic clothing (n = 30) in two hot-dry climatic chambers (wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) = 32 ± 0.1°C and WBGT = 30 ± 0.1°C, 40% relative humidity (RH) without air velocity and (n = 21) with air velocity 0.31 m/s in sitting and light workload conditions, respectively, for 60 minutes. The WBGT, oral temperature and heart rate were measured simultaneously every five minutes during the heat exposure and resting state. Data were analyzed using correlation and line regression by SPSS ver. 16. Results: In both groups, oral temperature and heart rate increased during heat exposure. The increase of oral temperature and heart rate were larger in the group with air velocity (sitting position, 37.05 ± 0.20°C, 98.30 ± 7.79 bpm, light workload, 37.34 ± 0.24°C, 124.08 ± 6.09 bpm) compared those of the group without air velocity (sitting position, 36.70 ± 0.36°C, 69.74 ± 0.98 bpm, light workload, 36.71 ± 0.27°C, 110.78 ± 17.9 bpm). The difference in physiological strain index (PSI) between resting and low workload were higher in with air velocity group than those of the group without air velocity. Conclusions: The results showed that the heat stress increased by increasing air velocity and humidity in both groups. The air velocity with high humidity can be considered as a positive factor in the occurrence of heat strain. Therefore, the incidence of heat stress decreases with the increase of humidity and reduction of air velocity or with increase of air velocity and reduction of humidity in Iranian veiled females.
Assessing the Wild Mammals Status Affected by Human Wastes, Based on the Field Works and MCDM Analysis
(Brieflands, 2020-04-30) Masumeh Ahmadipari; Maryam Pazoki; Morteza Ghobadi
Background: Waste has negative impacts on animal species and their habitats. Objectives: This study was aimed to evaluate the wild mammals status affected by human wastes. Methods: The study was carried out in villages of Oshtorankooh protected area of Lorestan province in 2019. The quality and quantity of waste was measured by sampling and measuring waste in 42 villages. The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) in combination with the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) was used to evaluate impacts. Results: The waste generation rate and density were 555 g/day and 412 kg/m3, respectively. Also, the results of ranking showed that Canis lupus, Vulpes vulpes, and Hyaena hyaena were ranked with the highest scores of 2.260, 1.958, and 1.948, respectively, and these species were more affected. Conclusions: It is necessary to consider waste effects on animal species, and according to the results of TOPSIS and impacts assessment, the presented method has shown good performance.
The Study of Personality, Cognitive, Organizational and Physical Variables as Predictors of Medical Errors in Ahvaz Hospitals as Training Centers for Nurses (2011)
(Brieflands, 2012-06-20) Kioumars Beshlideh; Mahsa Darvishi; Esmaeil Hashemi Shekh Shabani; Abdozahra Naami
Medical errors have an important role in the patients safety. Every year many people die or are maimed forever by these errors. The present study examines personality, cognitive, organizational and physical variables as predictors in Ahvaz hospitals as training centers for nurses. : This is a discretive and cross sectional study. The sample consisted of 200 nurses who were selected randomly by a multi-step cluster sampling method. The subjects were divided into two groups (nurses with and without medical errors). Nurses were examined by related scales. In order to analyze the data, a discriminate analysis was achieved and SPSS 17 was used. : The results confirmed this hypothesis. On the other hand, findings proved the fact that the medical errors that occur can be predicted from personality, cognitive, organizational and physical variables. Step wise analysis indicates that predicting rets of medical error were strongly dependent on cognitive failures, interpersonal conflict and workload. : Personality, cognitive, organizational and physical variables have an important role in medical errors which occur and controlling these variables can decrease the rate of medical errors.
A Model for Enhancing Workforce and Health System Resilience Against Natural and Human Crises
(Brieflands, 2024-10-31) Azade Zamani; Vahid Chenari; Mohammad Tamimi; Foad Makvandi; Mahmood Daniali Deh Huoz
Background: Human resources are the most crucial asset of any organization, and by maintaining and strengthening them, organizational goals can be achieved. In the context of health systems, human resource resilience is primarily focused on the theoretical development of this concept and its various dimensions. Objectives: This study aimed to develop a model to enhance the resilience of human resources within the health system. Methods: This study used a mixed-methods approach, conducted in two stages. In the first stage, a scoping review of relevant literature was carried out across multiple databases (Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar) to identify dimensions and preliminary indicators for the model. A total of 20 studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Studies were included if they met two criteria: (a) the term "resilience" was used in the title, abstract, or keywords, and (b) the main analytical focus was on health systems. In the second stage, the initial model was designed using the fuzzy Delphi technique. The degree of association of each component and factor in the final model was assessed using the fuzzy DEMATEL method for the primary components and the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) technique for secondary components. Finally, the relationships between the indicators were determined based on the effectiveness and influence of the components. Results: Three key dimensions were identified in this study: (1) behavioral dimension (work experience, creativity, work commitment, and job design), (2) motivational dimension (in-service training, lifestyle changes, self-esteem, empathy, interaction with the surrounding environment, and continuous performance evaluation), and (3) empowerment dimension (employee welfare, rewards, job promotion, damage compensation, timely handling of complaints, and job security). Conclusions: To foster and sustain resilience in human resources, it is essential to address behavioral, empowerment, and motivational dimensions within the health sector. Managers should consider the dimensions and indicators proposed in this model to improve workforce resilience.
Bio-Oil Production from Sargassum Macroalgae: A Green and Healthy Source of Energy
(Brieflands, 2019-01-31) Hossein Rahbari; Asadollah Akram; Maryam Pazoki; Mortaza Aghbashlo
Background: Increases in fossil fuel consumption after industrial revolution has caused environmental problems and human diseases, and it is vital to replace fossil fuels by biofuels, not only for sustainable energy production, but also for the survival of earth and human lives. Objective: Today, algae have become a potential source of biofuels to supply sustainable energy. Sargassum species are among the most predominant brown macro-algae in seas. Hydrothermal liquefaction is a promising process in biofuel production from biomass, which uses less energy to produce biofuel compared to other biofuel production techniques. The main objective of this paper, is the extraction of bio-oil from Sargassum macro-algae. Methods: The hydrothermal liquefaction of Sargassum sp. was performed under three temperature conditions of 250, 300 and 350°C, both with and without using NiFe2O4 as a catalyst. The GC-MS and FTIR analysis performed to analyze the obtained bio-oil. Results: Maximum liquefaction yield for the non-catalytic and catalytic process was 6.85 and 7.20%, which occurred at 300 and 350°C respectively. The obtained bio-oil has zero sulfur and low nitrogen (~4%) and oxygen (~10%) content, which implies that in terms of human health, the bio-oil will be healthy with some upgrading. The bio-oil was mainly composed of n-Hexadecanoic acid (57.86%) followed by tetradecanoic acid (5.12%). Conclusions: According to the obtained results from this research, obtained the bio-oil requires upgrading to be useful as biofuel. Also, NiFe2O4 nanoparticles increased the bio-oil yield and are useful to produce magnetic bio-char.
Validation of Environmental Stress Index by Measuring Infrared Radiation as a Substitute for Solar Radiation in Indoor Workplaces
(Brieflands, 2017-04-30) Peymaneh Habibi; Habiboallah Dehghan; Mahnaz Shakerian
Background: The exposure of individuals to heat at different jobs warrants the use of heat stress evaluation indices. Objectives: The aim of this study was to validate environmental stress index using an infrared radiation (IR) measurement instrument as a substitute for pyranometer in indoor workplaces. Methods: This study was conducted on 2303 indoor workstations in different industries in Isfahan, Iran, during July, August, and September in 2012. The intensity of the Infrared Radiation (IR) (w/m2) was measured at five-centimeter distances in six different directions, above, opposite, right, left, behind and below the globe thermometer. Then, the dry globe temperature (Ta), wet globe temperature (Tnw), globe temperature (Tg) and relative humidity (RH) were also simultaneously measured. The data were analyzed using correlation and regression by the SPSS18 software. Results: The study results indicate that a high correlation (r = 0.96) exists between the environmental stress index (ESI) and the values of wet bulb globe temperature (P < 0.01). According to the following equation, WBGT = 1.086 × ESI - 1.846, the environmental stress index is able to explain 91% (R2 = 0.91) of the WBGT index variations (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Based on the results, to study heat stress in indoor workplaces when the WBGT measurement instrument is not available and also in short-term exposures (shorter than 30 minutes) when measuring the wet bulb globe temperature shows a considerable error, it is possible to calculate the environmental stress index and accordingly to the WBGT index, by measuring the parameters of dry bulb temperature (Ta), relative humidity (RH), and infrared radiation intensity that can be easily measured in a short time.
Risk Assessment of Petroleum Products Loading Arm by BTA Technique
(Brieflands, 2021-01-31) Mostafa Mirzaei Aliabadi; Iraj Mohammadfam; Samane Khorshidikia
Background: Loading of petroleum products consists of several parts, of which the arm platform section is known to be the source of most accidents. Objectives: Therefore, this study was done to evaluate the risk of arm loading platforms using the bow-tie analysis (BTA) technique to identify the causes and the probability of occurrence of hazardous events. Methods: In this study, we first identified the risks of the loading arm using the expert’s judgment. The risk of overflow is considered as the top event. Then, the basic events were identified by the fault tree analysis (FTA), and the possible consequences of the top event were predicted using the event tree. Next, using the computational equations, the probability of spillover and its consequences were calculated. The path of the risk event from the causal phase to the consequent phase was also illustrated by sketching the structure of the BTA. Results: A total of 14 basic events and 8 intermediate events were involved in the occurrence of the top event, and 5 consequences were identified for the risk of spillover. The probability of the top event occurring was calculated to be 3.12 × 10-7. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, tank overflow is one of the most important hazards in the loading arm section.
A Survey on the Relationship between Managers Communication Skills and Health of Organization in Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences: 2011
(Brieflands, 2012-12-20) Leyla Riahi; Seyyed Jamalodin Tabibi; Fatemeh Rasoolykalamaki; Hosseinali Rangkooy
The existence of an organization depends on communications and this is an area that managers spend most of their time on. Therefore, recognition of communication skills accompanied with its implementation is among the essential parameters of successful management in any organization. In this study we decided to determine the relationship between managers' communication skills and health of organization in Mazandaran health center. : This was a cross-sectional study performed on 66 managers of Mazandaran province health center in 2011.In this study variables of communication skills, which included four components of verbal, aural, written and informative skills, were the independent variables. Also health of organization was a dependent variable that was considered as the main concern of the research. Data were gathered by completing the Hoys Health of organization questionnaire, standard communicational skills questionnaire, and the demographic characteristics questionnaire using Likerts scale for scoring the questions. Data was analyzed using Pearsons correlation coefficient. : Findings showed that there were significant positive correlation (P : According to the direct relationship between communication skills of managers and health of organization, it seems that improvement of communication skills of managers lead to improved health of organization. Thus, decisions that will positively affect each of these two variables lead to improved communication skills of managers and health of organization.
Isolation and Identification of Parasitic Protozoa in Sampled Water From the Southwest of Iran
(Brieflands, 2014-10-01) Abdollah Rafiei; Mahmoud Rahdar; Rohollah Valipour Nourozi
Background: In spite of promotion of people’s hygiene in the recent years, parasitic infection problems are present in many parts of the world especially in tropical and subtropical areas. Water is one of the major sources for acquiring parasitic infections, especially protozoan parasites. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the present parasitic agents in river, tap water and filtrated water in the western part of Ahvaz city. Materials and Methods: Forty-four water samples were collected from different sources of the studied area. The samples were examined by routine parasitology methods using light microscopy. Results: Twenty-eight out of 44 water samples were positive for parasitic contamination with cysts and oocysts of four parasitic protozoa including: 50% Entamoeba spp (22 out of 44 samples), 27.27% Cryptosporidium spp (12 out of 44 samples), 13.63% Blastocystis spp (6 out of 44 samples) and 9.09% Giardia spp (4 out of 44 samples). Conclusions: The parasite infection rate in water is high and deficits of water quality should be solved by water organization responders. It is strongly recommended to use home filtration systems for consumption of safe water.

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