International Journal of Cancer Management

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In Collaboration with Cancer Research Center (CRC), SBMU

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International Journal of Cancer Management (IJCM) publishes peer-reviewed original studies and reviews on cancer etiology, epidemiology and risk factors, novel approach to cancer management including prevention, diagnosis, surgery, radiotherapy, medical oncology, and issues regarding cancer survivorship and palliative care. The scope spans the spectrum of cancer research from the laboratory to the clinic, with special emphasis on translational cancer research that bridge the laboratory and clinic. We also consider original case reports that expand clinical cancer knowledge and convey important best practice messages.

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Investigating Clinical Risk Factors Contributing to the Recurrence of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis
(Brieflands, 2024-12-31) Saba Ebrahimian; Atieh Akbari; Hamid Fallah Tafti; Danial Fazilatpanah; Nasibeh Hasani
Background: Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting breast tissue, with a high recurrence rate. Objectives: Regarding this impotence, this paper aims at proposing a retrospective approach to compile an extensive dataset of clinical information as well as to identify potential risk factors associated with GM recurrence. Methods: For this purpose, data on pathologically-confirmed cases of GM were retrospectively collected from the medical archives of the Shahid Beheshti Cancer Research Center, Iran, from March 2020 to February 2023. Then, the descriptive statistics were utilized to analyze demographic information, disease-related variables, patient-related variables, and details regarding treatment modalities. Evaluation of disease recurrence occurred 24 months following the initial GM diagnosis through clinical assessments, ultrasound, or mammography. Among the 100 accessible patients, 33 experienced recurrences within 24 months. Results: According to the obtained results, factors significantly associated with recurrence included body mass index (28.31 vs. 26.05), history of breastfeeding and its duration (22.44 months vs. 16.95 months) (90.9% vs. 72.7%), abortion, pain (72.7% vs. 46.3%), erythema nodosum (51.5% vs. 16.4%), hypertension (18.2% vs. 3%), thyroid disease (33.3% vs. 14.9%), rheumatologic disease (69.7% vs. 13.4%), dermal involvement (51.5% vs. 10.9%), joint involvement (85.9% vs. 39.4%), and the combined treatment modalities (45.5% vs. 11.9%). Moreover, the predictive model exhibited an overall accuracy of 83.3%. Conclusions: Finally, it can be concluded that abortion history, breastfeeding and its duration, combined treatment, pain, erythema nodosum, hypertension, thyroid or rheumatologic disease, dermatologic or joint signs, and Body Mass Index (BMI) could be the significant factors related to the recurrence of GM. Thus, special attention to these factors and management of baseline disease may have a predictive effect on the relapse of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM).
Successful Surgical Management of Mediastinal Ganglioneuroma in a 12-Year-Old Boy: A Case Report
(Brieflands, 2024-12-31) Mahmood Khoshkhabar; Hoda Ilkhani Pak; Mehran Peyvasteh; Shahnam Askarpour; Hossein Ghaedamini
Introduction: Ganglioneuromas (GNs) are benign tumors composed of gangliocytes and mature stroma which is usually asymptomatic. The GNs are differentiated neuronal tumors without immature elements and can arise from peripheral autonomic ganglion sites. The main treatment for that is complete surgical excision. In the case of tumor resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are not indicated. Case Presentation: The 12-year-old boy was referred to Abouzar Hospital in Ahvaz with complaints of cough, cold, and shortness of breath. Based on abdominal and pelvic CT scans, a heterogeneous hypodense mass (135 × 105 mm) was observed in the left upper region. The pathology of it was ganglioneuroma. Then the patient underwent surgery with a midline incision extending to the 6 - 7 intercostal space. Finally, the patient was discharged with good general condition. Conclusions: The most effective treatment for ganglioneuroma is complete surgical removal of the mass. This study highlights the importance of imaging in diagnosing ganglioneuroma as a tumor located in the posterior mediastinum.
Real-time Monitoring of Peripheral Blood After Electrochemical Therapy by Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy: A Clinical Trial Study
(Brieflands, 2024-12-31) Faeze Aghaei; Belal Delshad; Reihane Mahdavi; Ali Fardoost; Farzane Hajighasemi; Hosein Ataee; Narges Yousefpour; Fereshte Abasvandi; Zohre Miripour; Mohammad Abdolahad; Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari
Background: Electrochemical therapy (EChT) is a well-known tumor destruction method, but entering byproducts into the peripheral blood can be a concern. In recent decades, the electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique has been noticed to help significantly analyze biological materials in real time. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the role of the EIS technique for the first time in real-time monitoring of peripheral blood after EChT. Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 19 women with breast cancer who were routinely treated with EChT between 2022 and 2023 at Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Accurate real-time monitoring of dielectric properties of peripheral blood, including Hematologic Factors, blood ions, apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the balance of peripheral blood properties before and after EChT was measured using EIS in the frequency range of 1 Hz to 500 kHz. Results: peripheral blood impedimetric parameters before and after EChT, based on EIS findings, were similar at all measured frequencies. EIS analysis did not show a significant difference in the mean level of potassium, sodium and calcium ions in the peripheral blood before and after EChT. Also, there was no significant difference in the level of red blood cells (RBC), platelets, and hemoglobin (HGB) before and after EChT. Although the level of white blood cells (WBC) after EChT decreased by about 15%, this difference was not statistically significant. In addition, peripheral blood smear showed no changes in the appearance of peripheral blood cells, and peripheral blood properties were maintained in balance after EChT. Conclusions: EIS can be used as a real-time method to monitor the patient's peripheral blood status without disturbing hematological factors and peripheral blood balance during EChT in breast cancer patients.
Survival Prediction in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Using Artificial Neural Network and Cox Regression
(Brieflands, 2020-01-15) Samaneh Sabouri; Habibollah Esmaily; Soodabeh Shahidsales; Mahdi Emadi
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third prevalent cancer worldwide, and it includes 10% of all cancer mortality. In Iran, men and women have the third and the fourth incidence rate of CRC, respectively. Survival analysis methods deal with data that measure the time until an event occurs. Artificial neural networks (ANN) and Cox regression are methods for survival analysis. Objectives: The current study was designated to determine related factors to CRC patients’ survival using ANN and Cox regression. Methods: In this historical cohort, information of patients who were diagnosed with CRC in Omid Hospital of Mashhad was collected. A total of 157 subjects were investigated from 2006 to 2011 and were followed up until 2016. In ANN, data were divided into two groups of training and testing, and the best neural network architecture was determined based on the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Cox regression model was also fitted and the accuracy of these two models in survival prediction was compared by AUC. Results: The mean and standard deviation of age was 56.4 ± 14.6 years. The three-, five- and seven-year survival rates of patients were 0.67, 0.62, and 0.58, respectively. Using test dataset, the area under curve was estimated 0.759 for the chosen model in ANN and 0.544 for Cox regression model. Conclusions: In this study, ANN is an appropriate approach for predicting CRC patients’ survival which was superior to Cox regression. Thus, it is recommended for predicting and also determining the influence of risk factors on patients’ survival.
A Study of Relationship Between Breast Cancer Mortality Rate and Human Development Index: Global Trend Analysis from 1990 to 2017
(Brieflands, 2020-08-19) Zahra Zolghadr; Masoud Salehi; Afsaneh Dehnad; Farid Zayeri
Background: Female breast cancer is known as one of the top five cancers in terms of mortality. Regarding contradictory reports about the mortality trend of this cancer and its association with the socio-economic status of the world countries, we aimed at assessing the global trend of female breast cancer mortality rate and investigate the relationship between its mortality rate and development status. Methods: The breast cancer Age Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR) per 100,000 and Human Development Index (HDI) for 179 world countries were extracted, respectively from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) database, for the period 1990 to 2017. The marginal modeling methodology was employed to analyze the global trend of ASMR and examine the relationship between ASMR and HDI. Results: The results showed a slightly constant curve for the global trend of breast cancer ASMR from 1990 to 2017 (around 17 per 100,000). Moreover, it was indicated that the ASMR is strongly related to development status. While countries with higher levels of HDI have experienced a declining trend of breast cancer mortality rate, countries with lower HDI levels experienced an ascending trend at this period. Conclusions: In general, the findings showed that mortality due to breast cancer is still a major health problem in total world countries. Hence, more efforts should be made to screen the patients in the early stages of the disease and promote the level of care, especially in countries with lower levels of economic development.
Evaluation of Risk Factors for Pediatric Cancers in the West of Iran
(Brieflands, 2021-06-30) Borhan Moradveisi; Jamal Amiri; Siamak Derakhshan; Daem Roshani; Farideh Elahimanesh
Background: Occurrence of pediatric cancers is affected by maternal, environmental, and hereditary/genetic factors. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between background radiation, ultrasound and other possible risk factors for pediatric cancers incidence indicators. Methods: In a cross-sectional study during 2 years, 103 patients under 14 years were studied. A total of 13 environmental, maternal and hereditary/genetic risk factors were studied, and the study was performed by using a questionnaire, measurement of background radiation, and statistical data. Incidence in the studied sample size at city (ISSSC) and incidence in the studied sample size at area (ISSSA) indicators were defined. Results: The mean age of patients was (6.31 ± 3.22) including 54 (52.4%) males and 49 (47.6%) females. History of repeated ultrasound before gender determination (RUBGD) and repeated ultrasound during pregnancy (RUDP) were statistically higher in solid tumors group. Toxic substances (TS) and pediatric medical ionizing radiation (PMIR) was higher in hematologic malignancies. Statistically significant association were found between of cancer types and Family history of leukemia (FHL), Family history of solid tumors (FHST), Abortion history (AH), Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP), Children’s residence place (CRP), and background radiation (BR) variables. No statistically significant association was found between cancer types and maternal pregnancy age (MPA), IVF baby, and maternal ionizing radiation exposure (MIRE) variables. Conclusions: Pediatric cancers are multifactorial diseases. Increased background radiation is correlated with an increased incidence of all pediatric malignancies. It seems that increasing ultrasound scans might increase the risk of solid tumors in children.
Oncological Assistance in the Emergency Room Setting: The Role of a Dedicated Oncology Unit
(Brieflands, 2021-07-31) Antonio Faiella; Livia Onofrio; Filomena Liccardi; Fiorella Paladino; Martina Chiurazzi; Ferdinando Riccardi; Bruno Chiurazzi
Background: The appearance of symptoms that may be related to the worsening of the disease, as well as the toxicity of chemotherapy treatment or an acute complication, are the most frequent reasons for access to the emergency room (ER) for patients with cancer. To date, the Italian territorial health services, as well as local preventive medicine, are unable to provide adequate management of patients with cancer and, for this reason, diagnostic delays and inappropriate hospitalization in the oncology departments have occurred; moreover, it has been observed that many patients receive the first diagnosis of cancer directly in the ER, where the experience in the oncology field is often inadequate. Objectives: Cardarelli Hospital, in Naples, started twenty-two month Experimental Oncological Emergency Service, under the supervision of its own Oncology Department, with the double main objectives of encouraging de-hospitalization and improving diagnostic and therapeutic performance. Methods: We have developed a methodological protocol for patients’ admission to the ER, assuming that the host physician transfers patients with suspected cancer to a new hospital figure, the ER oncologist, who acts as supervisor and coordinator. The first consultation was carried out together with one or more specialists, identified by the supervisor. Based on their characteristics, the patients were divided into 4 categories: (1) Patients with a known diagnosis of cancer and already undergoing anticancer treatments; (2) patients who show complications due to ongoing cancer treatments; (3) patients who no longer respond to anticancer treatments due to the worsening of the disease; (4) patients who are first diagnosed with cancer in the ER. Each individual cohort of patients was directed towards what we have called diagnostic-therapeutic assistance paths (PDTA), specific protocols for each type of patient, which allowed us to reduce the time to diagnosis. Results: According to the data, the average hospitalization time for patients with lung cancer who followed the study was 10 days, compared to 16 days for patients who did not undergo cancer screening in the ER. Another relevant result demonstrated the improvement in the quality and efficiency of medical services by including first aid in the management of cancer patients regards de-hospitalization. In fact, thanks to the experimental protocol we applied, we were able to de-hospitalize 484 patients directly from the ER, which are over 34% of the total. Conclusions: Close integration between hospital medical fields and territorial medicine could improve the quality of cancer treatment and the efficiency of health services management. All of this without affecting the costs of public healthcare because of the considerable improvement in performance which allowed important savings.
Factors Related to Nurses and Physicians’ Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Palliative Care
(Brieflands, 2022-02-28) Hadis Ashrafizadeh; Leila Khanali Mojen; Salman Barasteh; Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari; Samira Beiranvand; Azam Shirinabadi Farahani; Azam Eshaghian Dorcheh; Maryam Karami; Fatemeh Khademi; Tahereh Alsadat Khoubbin Khoshnazar; Eric Krakauer; Maryam Rassouli
Background: Changes in the course of diseases, their treatment, and care provision result in the need for a specific type of care known as palliative care. Medical staff’s knowledge and awareness of palliative care is important in this regard. Objectives: This study aims to examine the caregivers’ knowledge and awareness of palliative care and to determine the related predictors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 277 subjects were selected from among the caregivers working in the selected teaching hospitals in Iran through non-randomized sampling method. The subjects were asked to fill the online questionnaire which consisted of 3 sections including demographic data, knowledge, and attitude toward palliative care. Descriptive, inferential statistics, correlation and regression analyses were performed. Results: The mean scores of care providers’ attitude and knowledge were 140.90 ± 11.56 and 19.36 ± 2.73 respectively. There was a significant relationships between some variables such as working place, education level, age, palliative care-related working experience, and the necessity to pass training courses and the mean scores of attitude and knowledge. Conclusions: Since palliative care providers’ level of knowledge and attitude were reported to be moderate, training courses at different levels in the form of clinical courses should be offered with the aim of improving care providers’ skills and scientific abilities. It is essential to include the related topics in the curricula of academic programs.
Parasagittal Fibroblastic Meningioma in Accompaniment with Scalp Basal Cell Carcinoma: Report of a Case
(Brieflands, 2022-12-31) Sara Zandpazandi; Mohammadreza Shahmohammadi; Mehdi Farokhi
Introduction: Accompaniment of meningioma with other tumors especially cerebral tumors is quite rare. In some institutes, cases of simultaneous meningioma and glioma are seen and reported previously. Case Presentation: We reported a meningioma with the accompaniment of scalp basal cell carcinoma (BCC) with no signs and symptoms of Gorlin syndrome and no history of radiation. Conclusions: Expression of some adjacent cancerous lesions might have a local cancerous induction effect.
Massive Intramedullary Ependymoma: A Case Report
(Brieflands, 2023-12-31) Ahmadreza Mirbolook; Mirbahador Athari; Nima Mohseni Kabir; Bardia Hajikarimloo; Masoud Saberi; Mojtaba Baroutkoub
Introduction: Intramedullary ependymoma (IE) is adults' most common intramedullary spinal tumor. Tumors usually extend one to eight segments in the cervical region. In this case report, we reported a patient with massive IE spanning from the fourth ventricle to the T4 segment of the spinal cord, which surgically treated with laminectomy from occiput to T4 Case Presentation: A 42-year-old man who is a known case of IE with progressive upper extremities paraesthesia and gait disturbance. Four years ago he refused surgery and presented with dysphagia. The patient's MRI demonstrated an intramedullary spinal cord tumor extending from the fourth ventricle to T4. Conclusions: massive spinal ependymoma is a rare, benign, slow-growing tumor, and patients present symptoms years before diagnosis. Upon confirmation of the diagnosis, the tumor must be surgically removed.
Comparison of 3D-Conformal Planning Using Partially Wide Tangents and Direct Photon/Electron Portals for Breast Radiotherapy with Internal Mammary Nodes Inclusion: A Dosimetric Analysis
(Brieflands, 2023-12-31) Farshid Farhan; Sepideh Sehat Kashani; Farnaz Amouzegar-Hashemi; Peiman Haddad; Mohammad Babaei; Ebrahim Esmati; Reza Ghalehtaki; Mansoureh Nabavi; Fatemeh Jafari
Background: Internal mammary lymph nodes (IMNs) are a potential site of metastasis for breast cancer. Targeting IMNs as part of a comprehensive regional nodal irradiation comes at the cost of higher unwanted doses to critical nearby organs at risk. Thus, the efficacy and safety of different radiotherapy techniques for the coverage of this area remain elusive. Objectives: We present a dosimetric comparison between partially wide tangents (PWT) and direct photon/electron (P/E) portals in terms of target volume coverage and normal tissue sparing. Methods: Patients with left-sided breast cancer, who were referred to our clinic for post-lumpectomy or post-mastectomy radiotherapy, underwent computed tomography (CT) simulation. The left breast and IMNs, heart, lung, right breast, and esophagus were contoured. Dosimetric comparisons were based on dose-volume histograms (DVHs) generated for all of the aforementioned organs. A subgroup analysis was also performed based on patients’ type of surgical treatment. Results: A total of 30 patients (10 with breast conserving surgery and 20 with modified radical mastectomy) were included. The P/E plan provided a higher coverage of the left breast (P-value of CTV V105%: < 0.001) and IMNs with a P-value of 0.087 regarding the mean dose received by IMNs, and also less volume of the heart (P-value of Heart V30Gy: 0.021), and lungs (P-value of Lung V20Gy: 0.003) were irradiated. However, these advantages came at the cost of a higher dose to the esophagus and right breast and more hotspots compared to the PWT technique. Conclusions: The P/E technique had advantages regarding target volume coverage and toxicity regardless of the type of surgery. Based on the results of this study, overall, the P/E portal is superior to the PWT for radiotherapy of breast cancer with internal mammary node inclusion. However, the appropriate treatment plan should be decided on a case-by-case basis.
Topical Phenytoin Versus Placebo in the Management of Acute Radiation-Induced Dermatitis in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
(Brieflands, 2023-12-31) Ebrahim Zabihi; Mobina Zamani; Alexis Vallard; Nicolas Magne; Dariush Moslemi
Background: Acute radiodermatitis (ARD) is a common side effect of breast cancer radiotherapy. It includes erythema, burning sensation, swelling, epilation, desquamation, ulceration, or necrosis. So far, there has been no consensus about the best practice in preventing /treating ARD. Objectives: This is the first study to assess the efficacy of topical phenytoin in the prevention and treatment of ARD. Methods: This prospective randomized double-blind trial was a placebo-controlled study. A total of 70 patients with breast cancer were included. They were referred for breast radiotherapy after breast conservative surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to either the topical phenytoin or placebo group. Both ointments were applied twice and daily on affected areas of the chest. Acute radiodermatitis was evaluated every week, for 5 weeks, during radiotherapy. A blinded-to-treatment physician used the “(radiation therapy oncology group) RTOG dermatitis scoring” to do so. Results: During the first 3 weeks, ARD was neither severe (RTOG < 2) nor statistically different between the two treatment groups (P > 0.05). However, after the 3rd week, the ARD score was lower in phenytoin group than in the placebo group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Phenytoin topical ointment could postpone the occurrence and/or decrease the severity of ARD in patients with breast cancer.
Effect of Metformin on Cigarette Withdrawal Syndrome and Abstinence in Lung Cancer Patients; A Double-blind Placebo-controlled Trial
(Brieflands, 2021-05-31) Bijan Pirnia; Raheleh Masoudi; Melika Sefidrood; Elham Zarghami; Kambiz Pirnia; Parastoo Malekanmehr
Background: Lung cancer (LC) is a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. One of the predisposing factors for LC is smoking. Metformin is the first line for diabetes treatment and is shown that it can be used for nicotine withdrawal syndrome reduction. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of metformin on reducing the nicotine withdrawal syndrome and increasing nicotine abstinence in patients with LC. Methods: In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial from February 2018 to May 2019, 53 patients with LC were selected by respondent-driven sampling (RDS), and were assigned into two experimental and wait-list control (WLC) group through block randomization (BR). After 3 weeks of baseline assessment, metformin or placebo was prescribed in the form of escalating doses. Cigarette Withdrawal Scale (CWS-21), urinary cotinine levels, and exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) levels were evaluated in 16 steps by the repeated measures. The primary outcomes include metformin efficacy on cigarette withdrawal syndrome and secondary outcomes include urinary cotinine levels and eCO level. The data were analyzed by generalized estimation equation (GEE), chi-square, and Atlas-Ti5. Results: The primary outcomes showed that the metformin group had significant effects on the improvement of depression, anxiety, craving, irritability, and appetite, difficulty in concentrating, appetite-weight, and insomnia during the 12-weeks treatment period (all P's < 0.05). In addition, only cravings scores remained constant until the 6-month follow-up (P < 0.05). Secondary outcomes demonstrated that urinary cotinine levels and eCO level significantly decreased in the metformin group (all P's < 0.05). However, this decrease did not remain constant at both levels until the 6-month follow-up (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Metformin had a clinical potential for reducing nicotine withdrawal. However, more studies are needed.
Complications and 30-Day Readmission Rates After Lobectomy for Lung Cancer: A Single-Center Pre-enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Assessment in Vietnam
(Brieflands, 2024-12-31) Ho Tat Bang; Huynh Thuy Vy; Tran Thanh Vy; Nguyen Van Tap
Background: This study investigated complications and 30-day readmission rates following lobectomy for lung cancer in a pre-enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program setting at the University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, aiming to identify key areas for improvement. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 99 patients who underwent lobectomy for lung cancer. Data on patient demographics, surgical details, and postoperative outcomes were collected. Complications were categorized using the Clavien-Dindo classification system, and statistical analyses were performed using STATA software. Results: Among the 99 surveyed patients, 53.5% were male, and 46.5% were female, with the majority being over 60 years old. The postoperative complication rate was 19.2% (30.9% reduction with multimodal pain relief, P = 0.001), and the 30-day readmission rate was 13.1% (19.4% reduction with physical therapy before surgery, P = 0.008). High-risk complication factors included open surgery (42.9%) compared to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) (11.8%) (P = 0.026) and vomiting after surgery (46.7%, P = 0.008). Conclusions: The findings underscore the necessity of integrating ERAS principles to enhance postoperative care and outcomes in lung cancer surgery. Implementing ERAS protocols could potentially reduce complications and readmissions, improving patient experiences and surgical efficacy. Future research will focus on applying these insights within the ERAS framework to optimize lobectomy outcomes.
Antioxidant Supplements and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
(Brieflands, 2018-04-30) Mohammad Moradi-Joo; Saeed Heidari; Maryam Seyed-Nezhad; Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari; Ahmad Moosavi; Sayed Hossein Davoodi
Context: Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer worldwide and the most frequent one among women. Some studies suggest a favorable role of antioxidants on breast cancer, but this is still controversial. Objectives: The main objective of this article was to determine the safety and efficacy of antioxidant supplements on breast cancer. Data Sources: In order to gather evidence, main databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Trip, Google Scholar, Institute of Scientific Information (ISI), SCOPUS, and EMBASE) as well as relevant websites were searched without time limit up to November 2016. We searched with appropriate keywords and strategies. After the quality assessment of studies, study data were extracted by 2 reviewers. Because all the outcomes were dichotomous, relative risk by using the fixed-effects model proposed by Mantel-Hanzel was used in the meta-analysis. I² values were used for the evaluation of heterogeneity. Analyses were conducted, using review manager and CMA Software. Results: Out of 825 studies, 652 studies were entered firstly and 14 RCTs were selected after the final review. There was not signiﬁcant difference between Antioxidant and Placebo group in breast cancer incidence (P = 0.88), quality of life (P = 0.79), daily hot-flash score (P = 0.87) and toxicity such as nausea-vomiting (P = 0.87), diarrhea (P = 0.17), constipation (P = 0.35), fatigue (P = 0.14), alopecia (P = 0.22), anemia (P = 0.67), headaches (P = 0.73), leukopenia (P = 0.2), and Neutropenia (P = 0.08). Conclusions: The results of our meta-analysis do not support the effectiveness of antioxidants in reducing the risk of breast cancer. Also, this study showed that there is no sufficient clinical evidence to support the effectiveness of these supplements during the treatment of patients with breast cancer. It is recommended that clinician do not emphasize on these supplements in breast cancer treatment.
Association of Lung Cancer and Tuberculosis: A Cross Sectional Study from Northwest of Iran
(Brieflands, 2019-06-01) Parviz Saleh; Mohammad-Salar Hosseini; Reza Piri; Mehrnaz Ghaffari; Sahar Mohammadi; Mohammad Naghavi-Behzad
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a life-threatening disease, which still remains a major public health concern in Iran, as the country is an endemic region for TB. On the other hand, carcinoma of the lung is the most common and lethal cancer. As the lung cancer involves respiratory system, it has many common connections with TB, too, and it is likely that immunosuppressant drugs, like the ones used in cancer treatments, increase the risk of TB development. Objectives: To assess the possible association of TB and lung cancer, the current study evaluates the incidence of TB among patients with lung cancer. Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, patients with diagnosis of lung cancer were selected from the referral centers between 2011 and 2016. The TB among the patients was diagnosed, using radiographic pulmonary infiltration, M. tuberculosis culturing, and sputum smear. The diagnostic tests were done twice to certitude the results. Results: From 845 cases entering the study, 9 patients (1.1%) were diagnosed with TB and the smear test was positive in 5 patients. The cases aged between 40 and 67 years old, with the mean age of 53.92 ± 8.02. Women had a significantly more average age than men and adenocarcinoma was the most common type of lung cancer with a rate of 57.63%. Conclusions: According to results of current study, there was a relationship between lung cancer and TB, while the incidence of TB in patients with lung cancer was more than the normal average rate of TB incidence in the region.
The Trend of Changes in Paranasal CT Scan in Patients with Hematologic Malignancy Under Chemotherapy
(Brieflands, 2020-05-31) Shervin Shokouhi; Ilad Alavi Darazam; Shiva Shabani; Dina Jalalvand; Reyhaneh Jamily; Latif Gachkar
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of early screening of computerized tomography scan of paranasal sinuses (PNS CT) in hematologic malignancies before chemotherapy and evaluation of changes after chemotherapy and during neutropenia. Methods: All 40 new cases of hematologic malignancies with febrile neutropenia in a teaching referral hospital between 2018 and 2019 were enrolled in this study. All of these patients underwent paranasal sinus (PNS) CT scan before chemotherapy, along with other preliminary investigations. Symptoms and signs indicating the infectious process were meticulously followed and monitored before and during chemotherapy as well as the occurrence of febrile neutropenia. All patients were clinically and radiologically evaluated regarding the presumptive diagnosis of invasive fungal sinusitis during prolonged febrile neutropenia (more than 4 days). PNS CTs before and after chemotherapy of all patients were compared by two radiologists and were evaluated based on histopathologic findings of nasal and or paranasal biopsies. Results: Around 50% of patients with PNS CT scan abnormality suspected inflammatory process including microbial and fungal sinusitis during prolonged febrile neutropenia (more than 4 days) were confirmed that have had similar involvement before starting chemotherapy and these abnormalities have been stable with no significant changes after chemotherapy. The histopathologic examination of sinuses also showed no evidence of invasive fungal infection by endoscopic biopsy. Therefore, the abnormal findings including mucosal thickening in PNS CT during prolonged febrile neutropenia were not consistent with the confirmed invasive fungal infection. The rate of mortality was 2.5% without association with invasive fungal sinusitis. Conclusions: A considerable number of patients with underlying hematologic malignancies have paranasal sinus involvement such as mucosal thickening that may be misdiagnosed as invasive fungal sinusitis during the hazardous phase of prolonging febrile neutropenia. Thus, performing PNS CT scan before initiation of chemotherapy even though in asymptomatic patients could be helpful to decrease the number of suspected and probable cases of fungal sinusitis based on abnormal findings in PNS CT scan followed by the number of cases undergoing sinus endoscopic surgery.
Effect of ELF-EMF Exposure on Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line: a Proteomics Analysis
(Brieflands, 2014-03-31) Hadi Hasanzadeh; Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani; Samaneh Sadat Seyyedi; Hakimeh Zali; Saeid Heydari Keshel; Majid Jadidi; Ali Abedelahi
Background: Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) have been common in daily life all over the world. They have produced by power lines and electrical appliances, but higher levels of them have raised a lot of concerns about their carcinogenesis. Both epidemiological and laboratory studies have suggested that EMFs might increase cancer incidence, including acute childhood leukemia, brain and breast cancer.
The Investigation of Heat Shock Protein (HSP70) Expression Change in Human Brain Asterocytoma Tumor
(Brieflands, 2013-12-31) Mehdi Pooladi; Sara Sobhi; Solmaz Khaghani Razi Abad; Mehrdad Hashemi; Afshin Moradi; Ali Reza Zali; Masoumea Mousavi; Hakimeh Zali; Mona Zamanian Azodi; Azadeh Rakhshan; Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani
Background: Asterocytoma is the most common primary human brain tumor which has the most lethal hazard among tumors in human Central Nervous System. Heat Shock Proteins play an active role in cancer cells pathways through their effects on tumor cell proliferation, tumor differentiation, malignancy, metastasis, and cell death. HSP70 is a 70 KD protein that its expression change has been reported in various kinds of cancers. Here a proteomic activity for molecular diagnosis of Asterocytomas tumors is designed.
BMI1 Roles in Cancer Stem Cells and Its Association with MicroRNAs Dysregulation in Cancer: Emphasis on Colorectal Cancer
(Brieflands, 2018-09-30) Mohammad Hasan Soheilifar; Abdolvahab Moshtaghian; Hamid Maadi; Fereshteh Izadi; Massoud Saidijam
Context: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most common cancers in the world. Despite the existence of different treatment strategies such as chemoradiation and surgery, CRC therapy still remains a significant challenge as a result of the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Evidence Acquisition: This review is comprised of research and review studies published in valid databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus, using the following keywords: BMI1, cancer stem cell, microRNA, and colorectal cancer. Results: BMI1 (B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1) is a key component of polycomb repressor complex 1 (PRC1) and plays a significant role in CSCs self-renewal in various types of cancer including CRC. It has been proven that BMI1, in association with deregulated microRNAs (miRNAs), can promote cell cycle progression as well as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer. Conclusions: BMI1 is a colon stem cell marker that is up-regulated in colon CSCs and can be taken as a promising target for CRC therapy. This review describes the role of BMI-1 in the self-renewal of CSCs and EMT in association with miRNA dysregulation (with emphasis on CRC).

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