Effect of High-frequency Oscillatory Ventilation-Assisted Pulmonary Surfactant Intervention on Children with Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Abstract

Background: Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), also known as neonatal lung hyaline membrane disease, predominantly occurs in premature infants and remains a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) combined with pulmonary surfactant (PS) therapy in neonates with NRDS. Methods: A total of 100 neonates diagnosed with NRDS were retrospectively enrolled from patients admitted to our hospital between March 2022 and February 2024. Patients were divided into an observation group (n = 50; HFOV-assisted PS therapy) and a control group (n = 50; PS therapy alone). Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were comparable between the 2 groups. Clinical outcomes, blood gas parameters, and complication rates were analyzed. Results: Compared with the control group, the observation group had a significantly lower overall complication rate (P < 0.05). After treatment, the observation group demonstrated increased arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) and reduced partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO₂) compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂) was significantly decreased after HFOV-assisted PS therapy compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The durations of mechanical ventilation and total hospital stay were both significantly shorter in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: High-frequency oscillatory ventilation-assisted PS therapy was associated with improved blood gas parameters, shorter durations of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization, and a reduced risk of complications in neonates with NRDS. These findings suggest that HFOV combined with PS represents an effective therapeutic strategy for the clinical management of NRDS.Keywords