Association of ABO Blood Groups and Rh Factor with Periodontal Disease Prevalence in a Population from Saravan, Iran

Abstract

Background: Periodontal diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis, are prevalent inflammatory conditions that can result in tooth loss and systemic health complications. Genetic factors, such as blood group antigens and Rh factor, may influence susceptibility to these conditions. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between ABO blood groups, Rh factor, and the prevalence of periodontal diseases in individuals visiting the Blood Transfusion Organization in Saravan, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 368 participants (200 men and 168 women), aged 19 - 57 years, with equal representation across the ABO blood groups (A, B, AB, and O). Clinical assessments were performed to evaluate periodontal status, and blood samples were collected for ABO and Rh factor typing. Statistical analysis was conducted using chi-squared tests and logistic regression to assess the relationship between blood group, Rh status, and periodontal disease prevalence. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among the participants, 54.3% (n = 200) had periodontal diseases. Individuals with blood group B showed the highest prevalence of periodontal diseases (18.75%), followed by group O (14.68%), group A (12.5%), and group AB (8.43%). Rh-positive individuals had a significantly higher prevalence (51.1%) compared to Rh-negative individuals (3.26%). Logistic regression analysis indicated significantly increased odds of periodontal diseases in individuals with blood group B (OR = 2.111, 95% CI: 1.126–3.958, P = 0.020) and Rh-positive status (OR = 5.559, 95% CI: 2.824 - 10.944, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Blood group B and Rh-positive status are significantly associated with a higher prevalence of periodontal diseases, highlighting the role of genetic factors in disease susceptibility. These findings underscore the importance of personalized preventive and therapeutic approaches in dental care, particularly for individuals at greater genetic risk. Further research is necessary to confirm these associations and explore the underlying mechanisms.