Development and Validation of a Questionnaire on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Digital Epidemiology Among Students and Graduates of Epidemiology and Public Health in Iran

Abstract

Background: Digital epidemiology is an emerging field that leverages digital data sources and analytical methods to strengthen disease surveillance, prevention, and control. Assessing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of epidemiology and public health professionals regarding this domain is essential for capacity building and policy development. Objectives: This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess awareness, attitudes, and practices regarding digital epidemiology among epidemiology and public health students and graduates in Iran. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed. In the qualitative phase, questionnaire items and dimensions were developed through a literature review and expert panel discussions with 20 specialists in epidemiology and public health. In the quantitative phase, a web-based survey was conducted among 200 students and graduates of epidemiology and public health. Content validity, convergent validity, and composite reliability were assessed. Results: Composite reliability values for all constructs exceeded 0.70, indicating acceptable internal consistency. Convergent validity values were 0.48 for awareness, 0.71 for attitude, and 0.51 for practice. Conclusions: The developed questionnaire demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability, indicating that it is a suitable tool for assessing KAP regarding digital epidemiology among students and graduates in epidemiology and public health in Iran.