A Comprehensive Review of the Potential Role of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Infections in Carcinogenesis

Abstract

The herpesvirus family includes Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a potent pathogen capable of infecting humans. In healthy individuals, this infection often presents without specific symptoms. After the initial infection, the virus remains dormant in the body but can reactivate later. Reactivation of the virus is one of the primary causes of illnesses associated with HCMV. Human Cytomegalovirus infection is lifelong, and the virus cannot be eliminated from the human body. Although host cells mount an immune response following infection, HCMV expresses genes that encode products capable of countering and adapting to this immune response. The virus is commonly transmitted through bodily fluids. In immunocompromised individuals, HCMV infection can be extremely dangerous and may result in severe, potentially life-threatening infections. For decades, researchers have been investigating the potential link between HCMV and cancer. Recent studies have shown that HCMV DNA and virus-specific antibodies are present in many types of cancer, suggesting that HCMV may play a significant role in cancer development. Further research on HCMV infection and its role in carcinogenesis will enhance our understanding of this virus and facilitate the development of more effective prevention and treatment strategies. In the following study, we will explore the relationship between HCMV infection and its potential role in cancer development.