Clinical Manifestations, Transmission, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Dengue Fever: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Background: Dengue fever (DF) has spread significantly in recent decades and is seen as a possible global danger. DF is spread bythe dengue virus (DENV), which is mostly transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. DENV contains four antigenic serotypes, denoted asDENV 4-1. Each serotype is distinguished by its genotypes, as well as three structural and seven nonstructural proteins.Objectives: The purpose of this study is to present a brief overview of current knowledge of the occurrence, features, and causes ofDF, as well as strategies for prevention and protection against DENV infection.Methods: The present article is a descriptive review study, and numerous texts on DF were searched in various databases such asGoogle Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.Results: DENV infection symptoms often disappear without concern. However, specific signs such as spontaneous bleedingand plasma leakage may emerge later in the disease's course. Neurological symptoms of DF can range from mild to severe, andthey frequently coexist with other systemic issues. DENV is hypothesized to cause cardiac issues via two distinct mechanisms:Myocarditis and cardiac interstitial edema. To tackle this virus, two live attenuated vaccines have been developed, CYD-TDV and TAK-003. However, neither vaccination can address every safety and efficacy risk.Conclusion: Considering the significant threat that DENV presents to public health, particularly in endemic regions, additionalresearch is essential to formulate more effective vaccines and tailored treatments. Moreover, enhancing healthcare systems andaugmenting public awareness can mitigate the incidence and effects of DF. Awareness of DF is crucial for physicians and healthcareprofessionals to remain informed on diagnostic methods, treatment procedures, and preventive techniques. This review article willenhance their understanding of DF and promote early detection and intervention.