The Effect of Andrographolide on the Viability, Apoptosis and, Expression of Tumor Suppressor Genes in Thyroid Cancer Cell Line
| Author | Mohammadreza Gholami | en |
| Author | Mona Pazhouhi | en |
| Author | Ali Ghanbari | en |
| Author | Iraj Rashidi | en |
| Author | Mohsen Zhaleh | en |
| Author | Sajad Javidan | en |
| Author | Abolfazl Zendehdel | en |
| Issued Date | 2025-12-31 | en |
| Abstract | Background: Andrographolide, a herbal diterpenoid lactone, exhibits significant antineoplastic potential. However, its effect on thyroid cancer has not been tested. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway plays important roles in human cancers by regulating cell proliferation, growth, metabolism, and motility. Additionally, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway affects cancer progression by regulating tumor suppressors and activators. Objectives: In this study, the effect of andrographolide on the expression of phosphatase and TENsin homolog (PTEN) and DACT1 genes, which act through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, was investigated in thyroid cancer cells. Methods: Andrographolide was administered to the cells for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Cell viability was assessed via the [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay. The effect of andrographolide on plasma membrane integrity was tested using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. Apoptosis was measured using Annexin V-FITC staining. Finally, the expression of PTEN and DACT1 genes was tested by real-time PCR. Results: Andrographolide led to a decrease in cell viability that was dependent on the concentration and duration of exposure. The IC50 values were 173.97 ± 9.66, 68.82 ± 8.17, 17.36 ± 3.3, and 4.43 ± 0.16 μM for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, respectively. The reduction in cell viability by andrographolide was accompanied by a loss of cell membrane integrity. Andrographolide significantly increased apoptotic cell death and the expression of PTEN and DACT1 mRNAs. Conclusions: Andrographolide reduced viability and induced apoptosis in thyroid cancer cells. It may affect the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway through an increase in PTEN expression and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway through an increase in DACT1 expression. | en |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.5812/jcrps-161678 | en |
| Keyword | Andrographolide | en |
| Keyword | Thyroid Cancer | en |
| Keyword | PTEN | en |
| Keyword | DACT1 | en |
| Publisher | Brieflands | en |
| Title | The Effect of Andrographolide on the Viability, Apoptosis and, Expression of Tumor Suppressor Genes in Thyroid Cancer Cell Line | en |
| Type | Research Article | en |