Comparison of the Effects of Resistance and Combined Training Methods on Lipid Profile, Levels of miRNA-192a and miRNA-122 in Women with Overweight/Obesity

Abstract

Background: In recent years, the incidence of overweight and obesity has risen. Currently, microRNAs (miRNAs) are regarded as valuable clinical instruments for the identification and prevention of significant non-communicable diseases. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of resistance and combined training (COT) on miRNA-122, miRNA-192a expression, and some biomarkers of obesity in women with overweight/obesity. Methods: In a quasi-experimental design, 23 participants aged 20 - 45 were assigned to either the resistance or COT group for 8 weeks. Blood samples were analyzed pre- and post-intervention to assess miRNA levels, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and lipid profiles, alongside anthropometric and fitness evaluations. Results: No significant differences were detected in miRNA-122 and miRNA-192a levels during between-group comparisons, and both training methods exhibited comparable effects on the expression of the miRNAs under investigation. Furthermore, both groups demonstrated notable elevations in HDL levels, and significant differences were observed between the two experimental groups (P = 0.014). In within-group comparisons, there were significant reductions in blood cholesterol and glucose levels in the COT group (P < 0.05), whereas the resistance training group showed no significant change in these variables (P > 0.05). Between-group comparisons indicated that the combined group had a lower body fat percentage (P = 0.02) and higher physical performance metrics (P < 0.003). Conclusions: The findings suggest that both exercise modalities beneficially influence lipid profiles and miRNAs levels, with COT showing superior effects on metabolic health. These results emphasize the importance of tailored exercise programs and warrant further investigation into the role of miRNAs in exercise adaptations.