Imported Malaria in Iran: A Policy Brief for Sustaining Elimination Goals

Abstract

Background: Iran has made significant progress toward malaria eradication, reaching a pre-elimination stage with a national target of stopping indigenous transmission by 2025. However, imported malaria cases from neighboring endemic countries, particularly Afghanistan and Pakistan, pose a serious threat to sustaining these gains. Recent socio-political instability and increased migration from malaria-endemic regions, especially to urban and peri-urban areas, have heightened the risk of local transmission resurgence. Objectives: This policy brief assesses the current challenges posed by imported malaria in Iran and proposes evidence-based strategies to prevent re-establishment of local transmission. Methods: Three complementary interventions are recommended: (A) Focused screening and surveillance of high-risk populations; (B) Enhanced border health measures and cross-border collaboration with neighboring endemic countries; and (C) Community-based health education targeting at-risk populations. The key barriers to implementation include financial constraints, limited inter-sectoral coordination, cultural differences, and gaps in data integration. Conclusions: Targeted interventions, underpinned by robust health systems and sustained political and financial commitment, are essential to prevent malaria reintroduction and achieve Iran’s 2025 elimination goals.