Viral Evasion and Subversion Mechanisms of the Host Immune System

Abstract

Viruses are the most abundant and the most versatile pathogens which challenge the immune system and cause major threats for human health. In this review, I consider the mechanisms of viral evasion and subversion of immune system. Viruses inhibit humeral immunity in different ways which contains change of viral antigens, production of regulatory proteins of complement system and receptors of the Fc part of antibodies. Also, viruses disrupt interferon production with inhibition of infected cell signaling pathways for β interferon production. Additionally, one of the most important ways of viral evasion is inhibition and manipulation of cytokines and chemokines for example Herpsviruses and Poxviruses produce virokines and viroceptors. Some of the viruses inhibit apoptosis of infected cells to use cells for more amplification. In addition, viruses change maturation and expression of MHC1 and MHC2 molecule to hide of immune system recognition. Finally, most of the viruses have developed some strategies for evasion of immune system during their development. If we know them in detail we can combat them more successfully.