Prevalence of Workplace Violence and Associated Factors Among Medical Interns: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southeastern Iran

Abstract

Background: Workplace violence (WPV) against medical interns in underserved regions like Zahedan, Iran, is poorly documented. Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence and determinants of WPV against medical interns in southeastern Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we consecutively recruited medical interns from Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (2023 - 2024). Data were collected using a validated Persian questionnaire based on the International Labor Office/World Health Organization/International Council of Nurses (ILO/WHO/ICN) tool, covering physical, verbal, sexual, and ethnic violence. Results: Most interns (80%) experienced verbal abuse. Additionally, 24% reported physical violence, 23.5% encountered ethnic violence, and 12% experienced sexual harassment. Regression analysis identified key risk factors: Female interns had higher risks of physical and sexual violence, and emergency department assignment increased the risk of physical violence. Longer internship duration was linked to higher odds of verbal, sexual, and ethnic violence. Crucially, underreporting was systemic; only 17% of victims filed formal reports, mostly because they believed reporting was futile. Conclusions: Workplace violence against medical interns in Zahedan is highly prevalent and underreported. To ensure trainee safety, structured interventions are urgently needed, including mandatory training, stronger legal protections, and improved hospital security.