Serum Level of Vitamin D3 and Renal Stone in Children

Abstract

Background: Due to high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in Iranian children, researchers found a low level of vitamin D among patients with nephrolithiasis. Objectives: Since previous studies showed hyper-vitaminosis D in patients with renal stone, the current study aimed to clarify this paradox. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 pediatric patients with renal stone referred to Pediatric Urology and Nephrology Clinic of Baqiyatallah Hospital in Tehran, Iran, in 2014 were selected using a simple sampling method. The serum level of vitamin D3 was measured in a laboratory and the correlation between vitamin D3 and other variables were evaluated. Results: One-hundred pediatric patients, 64% male and 36% female, with renal stone were evaluated. The serum level of vitamin D and calcium had no significant difference between male and female patients. Four patients had vitamin D deficiency, 31 patients had vitamin D insufficiency and others had sufficient levels of vitamin D. There was a direct significant correlation between the level of vitamin D and calcium serum level. Family history of renal colic did not affect the serum levels of vitamin D and calcium. The serum level of vitamin D was significantly higher in patients with bilateral renal stone compared to patients with unilateral renal stone. Conclusions: Serum levels of vitamin D in children with urinary stones were low. The level of vitamin D deficiency was significantly correlated with disease severity and serum level of calcium.