Self-efficacy in Pregnant Women Referred to Health Centers in Delfan, Iran

Abstract

Self-efficacy is an inflectional factor in pregnancy, and high self-efficacy can prevent many pregnancy-related health hazards. The present study was an attempt to determine the self-efficacy levels in pregnant women and examine the factors related to self-efficacy in pregnant women who were referred to the health centers in Delfan. The current study is a cross-sectional study carried out on 100 pregnant women in Delfan in 2016, using a multistage sampling procedure. Questionnaires were used to collect demographic and self-efficacy related information. To analyze the collected data, SPSS software version 18, T-test, one- way ANOVA, and Spearman’s correlation were employed. The mean age and self-efficacy score in the participants were estimated to be 26.48 ± 6.08 years and48.12 ± 7.70 (range 17–68), respectively. A stastically significant relationship was found between self-efficacy in pregnant women and the variables of age (p = 0.04), educational level (p = 0.02), economic status (p = 0.01), and educational level of the husband (p = 0.04). In the multi-variable regression analysis of self-efficacy, the variables of age (B = −2.24, p = 0.01), number of children (B = 0.95, p = 0.03), educational level (B = 2.03, p = 0.02), employment (B = 2.08, p = 0.01), and economic status (B = 2.70, p = 0.01) were significant. Considering various self-efficacy related factors in pregnant women, and the cumulative effects of these factors on self-efficacy, it can be concluded that improving modifiable influential factors, including economic status, educational level, and employment, can have a direct impact on the self-efficacy of pregnant women.