In vitro Biological Evaluation of a Gelatin-Alginate-Based Hydrogel Loaded With Silver Sulfadiazine for Wound Care

Abstract

Background: Silver sulfadiazine (SSD) is widely used to treat burn wound infections; however, conventional SSD creams require frequent reapplication and may cause pain during dressing removal. Objectives: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a gelatin/alginate (GEL/ALG) hydrogel loaded with 1% SSD as a nonadherent, antimicrobial wound dressing. Methods: The hydrogel was prepared by mixing GEL and ALG at an 80:20 ratio, incorporating SSD, and cross-linking the matrix with calcium chloride. Results: The hydrogel exhibited a white, uniform, crack-free appearance and complete flexibility. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a porous three-dimensional structure suitable for fluid absorption and drug release. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that SSD was not chemically bound to the polymer matrix. The hydrogel demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (21-mm inhibition zone) and Acinetobacter baumannii (20 mm), comparable to that of gentamicin (20 μg/disk), and moderate activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10 mm). Antifungal testing against Candida albicans produced a 12-mm inhibition zone. The material showed high swelling capacity, favorable drug-release kinetics, and mechanical strength suitable for use at various body sites. Hemocompatibility testing showed hemolysis below 5%, confirming safety for wound application. Conclusions: The GEL/ALG/SSD hydrogel functions as a nonadherent dressing by maintaining a moist gel layer without adhering to the wound or a secondary bandage. These findings support this hydrogel as a promising candidate for advanced wound care, providing antimicrobial activity, exudate management, and pain-free removal within a single dressing system.