Analysis of Factors Influencing Mortality in Bladder Tumors: A Retrospective Study from Ivory Coast 2013 to 2022

Abstract

Background: Bladder cancer ranks second among urological cancers in Ivory Coast. In the sub-region, it also ranks second, but in Mali and the Maghreb, it is the first urological cancer. Its morbidity and mortality are high, with a significant social impact. Objectives: To report the factors promoting mortality of bladder tumors in Ivory Coast. Methods: A retrospective study of 74 cases of bladder cancer files collected in the urology department of the Cocody University Hospital Center over a period of 10 years (2013 to 2022). The mortality rate was calculated, and the factors influencing this mortality rate were studied with correlations using statistical tests (chi-square tests). Results: The mean age of the patients was 57 years, with extremes of 28 to 78 years. There was a male predominance with a sex ratio of 2.9. The main reason for consultation was hematuria, found in 70.8% of cases. The mortality rate was 46%. At cystoscopy, 83.3% of these cancers had a budding appearance. Tumors located on almost the entire bladder led to more deaths, with 32 cases out of 34 deaths. On ultrasound and CT scan, 74.1% of cancers were large (> 6 centimeters). Squamous cell carcinoma remained the dominant histological type, accounting for 71.4%. This histological type led to more deaths (20 cases out of 34 deaths). Patients with bladder cancer who experienced hemorrhagic postoperative complications all died. Conclusions: The mortality rate of bladder cancers is high in the Urology Department of the University Hospital Center (UHC) of Cocody. The poor prognostic factors identified were the budding aspect, large size greater than 6 centimeters, squamous cell type, and hemorrhagic postoperative period.