Validation of the Persian Theory of Mind Inventory-2 (ToMI-2-P): Psychometric Properties in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
| Author | Negin Borjianboroujeni | en |
| Author | Javad Hatami | en |
| Author | Mehdi Alizadeh Zarei | en |
| Author | Hadi Parhoon | en |
| Author | Shafagh Saei | en |
| Orcid | Negin Borjianboroujeni [0000-0003-2730-6934] | en |
| Orcid | Javad Hatami [0000-0002-6036-1487] | en |
| Orcid | Mehdi Alizadeh Zarei [0000-0002-2760-6657] | en |
| Orcid | Hadi Parhoon [0000-0002-0978-1232] | en |
| Orcid | Shafagh Saei [0000-0001-9362-2949] | en |
| Issued Date | 2025-12-31 | en |
| Abstract | Background: The Theory of Mind (ToM), which refers to the capacity to infer the thoughts, beliefs, and emotions of others, plays a crucial role in facilitating successful social interactions. This capacity is often impaired in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The Theory of Mind Inventory-2 (ToMI-2) is a commonly utilized caregiver-report measure for evaluating ToM; however, a validated Persian version suitable for clinical and research applications is currently unavailable. Objectives: This study translated and culturally adapted the Theory of Mind Inventory-2 for Persian speakers (ToMI-2-P) and evaluated its psychometric properties in adolescents with ASD. Methods: Following established cross-cultural adaptation guidelines, the ToMI-2 was translated into Persian. Psychometric testing involved 70 parents of adolescents with ASD and a matched typically developing control group. Assessments included face and content validity, convergent validity (via correlation with the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 [SRS-2]), discriminative validity using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), internal consistency (Cronbach’s α), and test-retest reliability [intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC)]. Results: Face and content validity were strong, with content validity ratio (CVR) values ranging from 0.50 to 1.00 and Content Validity Index (CVI) from 0.80 to 0.95. The MANOVA revealed significant group differences [Wilks' Lambda F(3, 86) = 138.02, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.820], with medium to large effect sizes (Cohen’s d = 0.19 - 0.75). Convergent validity was supported by a significant negative correlation with SRS-2 scores (R = -0.43, P < 0.01). The ToMI-2-P showed good internal consistency (α = 0.70 - 0.77) and excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.81 - 0.85). Conclusions: The ToMI-2-P exhibits strong psychometric properties, supporting its use as a reliable and valid tool for assessing ToMI-2-P with ASD. Further research is needed to explore cultural adaptations for specific items. | en |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs-164846 | en |
| URI | https://brieflands.com/journals/ijpbs/articles/164846 | en |
| Keyword | Adolescent | en |
| Keyword | Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) | en |
| Keyword | Psychometrics | en |
| Keyword | Theory of Mind | en |
| Keyword | Validity and Reliability | en |
| Publisher | Brieflands | en |
| Title | Validation of the Persian Theory of Mind Inventory-2 (ToMI-2-P): Psychometric Properties in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder | en |
| Type | Research Article | en |
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