The Prevalence and Associated Factors for Postpartum Depression Among Women in Samarinda, Indonesia

Abstract

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a serious mood disorder that is often underdiagnosed in postpartum women and is exacerbated by women’s biological conditions, especially Body Mass Index (BMI), energy intake, and physical activities. There is limited literature on PPD relating to nutritional status and physical activity. Objectives: This study aimed to detect the prevalence of PPD and the factors associated with postpartum women in Samarinda, Indonesia, from February 2023 to July 2023. Methods: A cross-sectional study encompassing 387 women from four to 24 weeks postpartum was performed. We used stratified random sampling to select respondents from six clinics. Respondents fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected via interviews using validated tools in the national language. The independent variables were socio-demography, BMI, energy intake, and physical activity. After adjusting for confounders, multivariate logistic regression analysis determined whether the factors were significantly associated with PPD. Results: From 387 correspondents, this study showed that the prevalence of PPD was 11%. The significant factors of PPD were obesity in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy versus overweight BMI, AOR 4.066, 95% CI (1.297 - 12.745), P = 0.016; having an underweight BMI in postpartum versus overweight BMI, AOR 4.509, 95% CI (1.486 - 13.676), P = 0.008; and having a lower Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) versus high RDA for energy intake in the postpartum period, AOR 2.325, 95% CI (1.091 - 4.956), P = 0.029. Conclusions: The prevalence of PPD was higher in Samarinda than recorded in national data. Obesity in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, being underweight in postpartum, and lower RDA in postpartum increased the risk of PPD.