Measuring the Incidence of Periodontal Disease in Patients with Diabetes Hospitalized in Imam Khomeini Educational Center of Urmia

Abstract

Background: Studies on diabetes and its associated oral complications indicate that diabetic individuals are more prone to cardiovascular, renal, neurological, eye, and, particularly, oral health issues. Vascular problems, oxidative stress, immune system imbalances, and deficiencies create favorable conditions for the growth of gram-positive and harmful bacteria, as well as various fungi, especially Candida albicans, in the mouth and gums. Objectives: This study was designed and conducted to assess the incidence of periodontal disease in diabetic patients admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital (RA). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Imam Khomeini Teaching Hospital in Urmia, Iran, and included patients admitted to the endocrinology department with glycemic disorders and diabetes. The demographic information of the patients, including age, gender, disease duration, fasting blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Body Mass Index (BMI), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, was recorded. Results: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 400 diabetic patients admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia, Iran. Among them, 214 patients (53.5%) were male, and 186 (46.5%) were female. The average age of the patients was 51.49 ± 5.73 years, with a minimum age of 37 years and a maximum of 61 years. The frequency of periodontitis among the studied patients was 88.25%. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the incidence of periodontal disease in diabetic patients at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia is 88.25%. Furthermore, in diabetic patients, there is a direct and significant relationship between glycemic control and the severity of periodontal disease.