Crocin and Multiple Sclerosis: Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Saffron's Bioactive Compound; A Literature Review

Abstract

Context: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifaceted neurological condition characterized by the demyelination and inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS), predominantly caused by autoimmune reactions targeting myelin antigens. The animal model known as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) has played a crucial role in elucidating the fundamental mechanisms associated with MS. Evidence Acquisition: Research using EAE has revealed that inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, axonal degeneration, apoptosis, and subsequent demyelination play significant roles in the disease's pathology. The management of MS symptoms involves a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies. Among the various therapeutic agents being explored, crocin, a water-soluble carotenoid known for its pharmacological properties, has garnered considerable attention. Results: Crocin has been extensively investigated for its anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, particularly in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the potential therapeutic benefits of crocin for MS patients. Conclusions: In this review, we summarize the positive effects of crocin on various deficits observed in MS and EAE, providing insights into its role as a promising adjunct therapy in the management of these neurological disorders.