Association of Valvular Regurgitations and Pericardial Effusion in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Abstract

Background: Previous research has identified mitral and tricuspid regurgitation (MR and TR, respectively) and pericardial effusion (PE) as predictors of adverse outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Objectives: This study aimed to explore the prevalence and severity of post-primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) complications, including MR, TR, PE, and aortic insufficiency (AI), in patients with STEMI. Methods: A prospective study was conducted involving STEMI patients undergoing PPCI. Relationships between these conditions, clinical characteristics, and key echocardiographic parameters were also examined. Data were analyzed using SPSS (V. 27.0), with P-values less than 0.05 considered significant. Results: study enrolled 105 STEMI patients admitted between January 2022 and March 2023 (mean age, 59 ± 11 years; predominantly male). Mitral regurgitation was predominantly mild (88 patients, 83.8%), with moderate cases accounting for 14.3% (15 patients), and TR followed a similar pattern. AI was primarily absent or mild, with no severe cases reported. Pericardial effusion was mostly absent (89 patients, 84.8%) or mild (16 patients, 15.2%). Male patients exhibited a higher prevalence of MR and TR compared to female patients. Patients with hyperlipoproteinemia had lower MR than those without, while TR increased with age. Smoking was associated with lower AI prevalence compared to non-smokers. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that MR and TR following PPCI in STEMI patients were predominantly mild, which may reflect transient effects of the intervention or underlying cardiac conditions. The absence of moderate and severe PE and AI was a positive finding, indicating that significant complications in these areas are uncommon.